[目的]观察铀尾矿浸出液对斑马鱼[zebrafish(Danio rerio)]的毒性影响,为评价铀尾矿对机体的危害性及潜在环境风险提供科学依据。[方法]采用火焰原子吸收法测定铀尾矿浸出液中重金属的含量,TRPO-环己烷/2(-5-溴代-2-啶基偶氮)-5-间苯二酚分光光度法测定铀含量,其他成分的分析参照国际标准进行;标准稀释水将铀尾矿浸出液稀释为0.05%、0.25%、0.5%及1%4个浓度组染毒斑马鱼,暴露7d后,测定斑马鱼肌肉、鳃和肝脏三种组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),钠、钾离子三磷酸腺苷酶(Na+-K+-ATP酶)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化情况。[结果]铀尾矿浸出液中的铀含量为0.0628mg/L,超过WHO规定的饮用水中铀浓度限值约4倍。斑马鱼在设计染毒液中暴露7d后,三种组织中SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05),而肌肉及肝脏的SOD活性在低浓度组出现升高(P<0.05),SOD活性可能存在暴露时间与浓度效应关系。鳃CAT活性在暴露7d后出现了下降(P<0.05),且随暴露浓度的升高而降低,最高抑制率为84.8%,表明腮内出现了早期的氧化应激反应。三种组织中,随着铀尾矿浸出液染毒浓度增大,Na+-K+-ATP酶活性下降(P<0.05),而MDA含量呈上升趋势。[结论]铀尾矿浸出液对机体危害可能主要是铀的毒性所致。降低氧化应激损伤水平可能是预防和保护机体免受铀尾矿浸出液毒害的有效靶点之一。 [Objective] To observe the toxicity of uranium tailing leachate on zebrafish (Danio rerio), and provide a scientific basis for evaluating the hazard and potential environmental risk of uranium tailing to the body. [Method] The contents of heavy metals in the leaching solution of uranium tailings were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The content of heavy metals in the leaching solution of uranium tailings was determined by TRPO-cyclohexane / 2 (5-bromo-2-pyridylazo) -5-resorcinol spectrophotometry Uranium content and other components were analyzed with reference to international standards; standard dilution water was used to dilute the leachate of uranium tailings into four concentration groups of 0.05%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%, and the zebrafish muscle was exposed after exposure for 7 days (SOD), catalase (CAT), sodium and potassium ion ATPase (Na + -K + -ATPase) activity and MDA content in gill and liver . [Result] The content of uranium in the leachate of uranium tailings was 0.0628mg / L, which exceeded the limits of uranium concentration in drinking water stipulated by the WHO by about 4 times. After exposed to designed solution for 7 d, zebrafish SOD activity decreased significantly (P <0.05), and muscle and liver SOD activity increased in low concentration group (P <0.05), SOD activity may be exposed Relationship between time and concentration effect. Gill CAT activity decreased (P <0.05) 7d after exposure, and decreased with the increase of exposure concentration. The highest inhibition rate was 84.8%, indicating that there was an early oxidative stress response in gills. Among the three tissues, Na + -K + -ATPase activity decreased (P <0.05) and MDA content increased with the increase of the concentration of uranium tailing leachate. [Conclusion] The harm of uranium tailing leachate to the body may be mainly caused by the toxicity of uranium. Reduce the level of oxidative stress injury may be one of the effective targets to prevent and protect the body from toxic leaching of uranium tailings.