论文部分内容阅读
近年来,关于中国农村集体土地制度改革的讨论甚为热烈,争议颇为激烈。为有效解决农村集体土地使用制度带来的社会问题,本文进行了探索和分析,提出了一些改革建议:在维持集体土地所有制不变的前提下,明晰集体与成员的地权关系,重建农民集体组织,以强化农民集体的组织能力、与公权抗衡能力;理清农民与集体组织的权利关系,以出生户籍归属地为标准,明确界定集体成员资格,以诉权为保障,疏通集体成员在组织中的意志表达渠道;打破家庭承包模式,实行土地集体统一管理,以竞价方式出租经营;允许农民将其在集体组织中的“股权”质押和转让;改革土地征收制度,区分公益征收和商业收购,实行公平交易,将土地权益完全归还农民;土地收益归集体全体成员分享。本文的创新之处在于,在法律强调以准私有化的方式稳定家庭承包关系,甚至有研究者主张土地私有化的背景下,本文反其道提出了土地由集体统一管理的改革设想;在减轻农民负担的一片呼声中,本文提出了有偿使用集体土地的大胆探索。这些设想看似逆流而动,但细观全文不难发现,实为将农民利益保护落在实处的有效措施。
In recent years, the discussion on the reform of the rural collective land system in China has been very hot and the dispute is fierce. In order to effectively solve the social problems caused by the system of rural collective land use, this paper explores and analyzes some suggestions for reform: under the premise of keeping the ownership of collective land unchanged, clarifying the land-rights relationship between the collective and the members and rebuilding the peasant collective Organization, in order to strengthen the peasant collective organizational capacity, and public power to counter the capacity; to clarify the rights of peasants and the collective organization of the relationship between the birth of the attribution as a standard, a clear definition of collective membership, to protect the right to appeal, clear the collective members in the organization In the expression of the will; breaking the family contract model, the collective collective management of land by auction bidding business; allowing farmers to their collectives in the “equity” pledge and transfer; reform of the land expropriation system, Commercial acquisitions, the implementation of fair trade, the land rights and interests fully returned to farmers; land proceeds to all members of the collective share. The innovation of this article lies in that under the background that law emphasizes quasi-privatization to stabilize the family contractual relationship and even some researchers advocate the privatization of land, this article proposes the reform assumption that the land is collectively managed by the collective; In a cry of peasants’ burden, this article puts forward a bold exploration of using collective land at a fee. These assumptions seem to move counter-currently, but it is not hard to find the full text in the full text, which is actually an effective measure to protect the interests of farmers.