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支气管肺发育不良(BPD)是早产儿最常见的严重呼吸系统疾病。随着产前糖皮质激素的应用、呼吸支持的改善、肺表面活性物质(PS)的应用,经典型BPD发病率有所降低,新型BPD发生率有所增多,其发病机制主要是在基因易感性的基础上,宫内和出生后的多重打击引起促炎、抗炎因子的级联反应,对发育不成熟的肺引起损伤,以及损伤后血管化失调和肺组织异常修复。在治疗上无满意的治疗策略,目前常采用的方法包括保持适当的血氧含量,允许性高碳酸血症,早期使用无创呼吸支持,使用气管内插管-PS使用-尽早拔管改用无创呼吸支持模式,常用药物为咖啡因、类固醇、外源性PS等,但具体效果仍存在争议。
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common form of severe respiratory disease in preterm infants. With the application of prenatal glucocorticoid, the improvement of respiratory support, the application of pulmonary surfactant (PS), the incidence of classical BPD has been reduced, the incidence of new BPD has increased, and its pathogenesis is mainly genetically facilitated Based on the perceptual basis, multiple intrauterine and postnatal attacks result in a cascade of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, damage to immature lungs, and post-injury vascular dysregulation and abnormal lung tissue repair. Currently, there are no satisfactory treatment strategies. The most commonly used methods at present include maintaining adequate blood oxygen content, allowing hypercapnia, early use of non-invasive respiratory support, endotracheal intubation-PS use - early extubation to non-invasive Respiratory support mode, commonly used drugs for caffeine, steroids, exogenous PS, but the specific effect is still controversial.