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[目的]分析极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)罹患支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的高危因素。[方法]回顾性分析某院新生儿重症监护室近6年期间,出生体重≤1500g,胎龄≤36周并且存活时间≥28d的VLBWI69例病史资料。比较27例BPD(BPD组)和42例非BPD(对照组)VLBWI胎龄、出生体重、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)、机械通气时间、生后24～48h液体摄取量、反复肺部感染情况。[结果]单因素分析显示,胎龄小、极低出生体重、NRDS、机械通气时间≥10d、反复肺部感染是VLBWI罹患BPD的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄是VLBWI罹患BPD的高危因素(OR=0.656,P=0.031)。[结论]避免极低体重早产儿长时间机械通气和有效控制肺部感染是防治BPD的关键。
[Objective] To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). [Methods] A retrospective analysis of 69 cases of VLBWI history in a neonatal intensive care unit in a hospital during the recent 6 years with birth weight ≤ 1500g, gestational age ≤ 36 weeks and survival time ≥ 28d. The gestational age, birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), mechanical ventilation time, the amount of fluid uptake in 24-48 hrs after birth in the patients with BPD (BPD) and 42 non-BPD Infection. [Results] Univariate analysis showed that repeated gestational pneumonia was an independent risk factor for BPD in VLBWI patients with small gestational age, very low birth weight, NRDS and mechanical ventilation ≥10 days. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, The gestational age was a risk factor for BPD in VLBWI (OR = 0.656, P = 0.031). [Conclusion] Avoiding long-term mechanical ventilation and controlling pulmonary infection in very-low-weight preterm infants is the key to prevention and treatment of BPD.