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目的了解本地区新生儿感染性肺炎的病原菌的菌种、构成比及耐药情况,探索临床合理选用抗生素。方法细菌鉴定及药敏试验采用VITEK-60全自动细菌鉴定仪。结果本地区新生儿感染性肺炎的病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌(92.81%),其中以肺炎克雷伯菌最为常见,革兰阳性球菌感染较少(7.19%)。革兰阴性杆菌对头孢二代、三代和氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药率均较高,对喹诺酮类抗生素耐药率较低。亚胺培南具有良好的抗菌活性。结论肺炎克雷伯菌是本地区新生儿感染性肺炎的主要病原菌。经验性治疗用药可首选亚胺培南、头孢替坦、环丙沙星等,建议临床根据药敏结果选用抗生素。
Objective To understand the bacterial species, compositional ratio and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in neonatal pneumonia in the region and to explore the clinical rational use of antibiotics. Methods Bacterial identification and susceptibility testing using VITEK-60 automatic bacterial identification instrument. Results The main pathogens of neonatal pneumonia in this area were Gram-negative bacilli (92.81%), of which Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common, with less gram-positive cocci infection (7.19%). Gram-negative bacilli on the second generation of cephalosporins, three generations and aminoglycoside antibiotics resistance rates were higher quinolone antibiotic resistance rate is lower. Imipenem has good antibacterial activity. Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae is the main pathogen of neonatal pneumonia in this area. Empiric therapy may be the preferred choice of imipenem, cefotetan, ciprofloxacin, etc., the proposed clinical use of antibiotics based on susceptibility results.