Based on behavior science and direct causes analysis of serious accidents in Chinese coal mines in recent 5 years,a conclusion that unsafe behaviors of coal mine staff were the direct causes of these serious accidents was drawn,accounting for 91.3％.If staff was divided into executor and manager,percentages of the executor’s and manager’s unsafe behaviors in direct causes of the accidents were 69％ and 54％,respectively,with executor’s unsafe behavior as direct causes and manager’s unsafe behavior as essential reasons after thorough analysis of these accidents.Further,on the basis of dual structure theory analysis,three new understandings,including transformation,hierarchy classification and representativeness of behavior factors were illustrated.Behavior factors of executors and managers in Chinese coal mines were summarized and classified by new recognition.Then,dual structure theory was applied in a coal mine in Hebei Province of China; weakening unsafe behaviors and strengthening safe factors can attain the purpose of motivating safer behaviors in the coal mine.