移民作为西方资本主义发展的产物,最早出现在19世纪后半叶,20世纪全球化的发展又一次促进了世界范围内的移民流动,移民历史中的重要问题之一是身份认同。身份认同的呈现很大程度上是通过书写完成的,因此文学成为族裔群体身份诉求的最好途径。美国做为一个移民国家,其族裔书写在当代文学中取得了令世人瞩目的成绩,族裔主体身份的构建与认同在叙事的想象中得到了彰显,并体现出不同的特点。文章主要分析在构建主体自我身份的进程中,族裔群体的认知体现出的三个不同特点:差异、认同和超越,以对美国族裔文学的发展有更加清晰的认识。 As a product of the development of western capitalism, immigrants first appeared in the latter half of the 19th century. In the 20th century, the development of globalization once again promoted the flow of immigrants around the world. One of the important issues in the history of immigration is identification. The presentation of identity is largely done through writing, so literature is the best way to appeal to ethnic groups. As an immigrant country, the United States, as an ethnic group, has made remarkable achievements in contemporary literature. The construction and identification of ethnic identity has been demonstrated in the imagination of narratives and has shown different characteristics. The article mainly analyzes three different characteristics of ethnic group’s cognition in the course of constructing the subject’s self-identity: difference, identity and transcendence, so as to have a clearer understanding of the development of American ethnic literature.