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水稻具有悠久的栽培历史,是重要的粮食作物,养育了1/3的世界人口。现代栽培稻(Oryza sativa)由野生稻(O.rufipogon)驯化而来,产量是驯化筛选的关键性状之一。株型、穗型和种子大小是决定水稻产量的重要性状,这些性状在水稻栽培过程中均受到了定向筛选。该文以水稻产量性状为核心,综述了株型、穗型和种子大小等性状的驯化分子机理研究进展,讨论了水稻产量驯化研究中存在的问题,展望了驯化性状和相关基因的研究前景,以期为水稻产量相关性状的驯化机理研究和水稻育种工作提供有价值的线索。
Rice has a long history of cultivation and is an important food crop that feeds one third of the world’s population. Modern cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) is domesticated from O. rufipogon, and yield is one of the key traits for domestication screening. Plant type, panicle type and seed size are important traits determining the yield of rice. All of these traits have been screened in the process of rice cultivation. In this paper, advances in molecular mechanism of domestication of plant type, panicle type and seed size were summarized. The problems existing in the domestication of rice yield domestication were discussed. The research prospects of domesticated traits and related genes were prospected. With a view to provide valuable clues for the domestication mechanism of rice-related traits and rice breeding.