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基于上海暴雨积水110报警数据和自动气象站逐小时降水数据,利用时空过程分析法研究了暴雨积水与降水强度以及累积雨量的关系,建立了中心城区暴雨内涝的阈值指标,结果表明,中心城区暴雨积水程度与1 h降水强度和2 h累积雨量密切相关。当降水强度达30~40 mm·h-1时,中心城区就会出现暴雨积水。当降水强度达50 mm·h-1、2 h累积雨量达70 mm时,暴雨积水会明显增多。相对于暴雨发生的时间,暴雨积水具有明显的滞后效应,一般滞后1~2 h。下垫面状况、人口和道路密度也影响到暴雨积水的发生。综合海拔高程、下垫面类型、排水管网等多因素,开展中心城区精细化的暴雨内涝风险情景模拟及灾害损失评估,是下一步的研究方向。
Based on the data of 110 rainstorms in Shanghai, and the hourly precipitation data of the automatic weather stations, the relationship between rainstorms, rainfall intensity and rainfall intensity was studied using the spatio-temporal process analysis method. The threshold index of rainstorm waterlogging in the downtown area was established. The results show that the center The degree of stormwater accumulation in urban areas is closely related to the precipitation intensity at 1 h and the accumulated rainfall at 2 h. When the rainfall intensity reaches 30 ~ 40 mm · h-1, rainwater accumulates in the downtown area. When the rainfall intensity reaches 50 mm · h-1 and 2 h, the accumulative rainfall reaches 70 mm, the precipitation of stormwater will obviously increase. Relative to the time of heavy rain, rainstorm water has obvious hysteresis effect, usually lag 1 ~ 2 h. Underlying conditions, population and road density also affect the occurrence of storm water. Comprehensive elevation elevation, underlying surface type, drainage network and other factors, to carry out the central city of fine storm waterlogging risk scenario simulation and disaster damage assessment is the next step of research.