《孙子》中提出了不少反映战争基本规律的作战原则。如“兵无常势,水无常形”,“因敌而制胜”、“奇正之变,不可胜穷”等等。这些原则的一个共同特点,就是都建立在变化的思想基础之上。世界上一成不变的东西是没有的,万事万物都在变,战争也是如此。只有认识了战争的多变性,并能适应和驾驭战争的千变万变,以变制变,才能最后夺取战争的胜利。《孙子》所提出的战争原则,能流传至今而不失其价值,就是因为这些原则是根据战争的多变性提出的,具有普遍的指导意义。战争是敌我双方的较量,孙武论述的变,当然也包括双方的变。一是自己主动的变,叫做“兵无常势”;二是根据对方情况的变化而变,叫做“因敌而变”。 Sun Tzu put forward many operational principles that reflect the basic rules of war. Such as “soldiers impermanence, water impermanence”, “because of the enemy and winning”, “change is not correct, not winning the poor” and so on. One of the common features of these principles is that all are based on changing ideas. There is no immutable thing in the world, everything is changing, so is war. Only by understanding the variability of the war and being able to adapt and control the ever-changing war and change and change can we finally win the war. The principle of war proposed by the “grandson” can be spread to the present day without losing its value. It is because these principles are based on the variability of the war and have universal guiding significance. War is a contest between the enemy and ourselves. Changes in Sun Wu’s discussion include, of course, both sides’ changes. One is to take the initiative to change, called “soldiers impermanent potential”; the second is based on changes in each other’s situation and change, called “because of the enemy and change.”