运用文献资料法、特征解析法、访谈法和定基比增长数计算等研究方法,对短跑项目世界优秀运动员的身体素质训练结构进行研究。研究揭示,速度素质的增长具有“早熟”特征,其训练结构体现出以提高最大速度为核心,以最大负荷强度和较少负荷量的短距离跑练习为主要手段等特征。力量素质的增长呈现出“两头慢、中间快”的发展特征,其训练手段主要是由单腿或双腿的连续跳跃、跨步跑(跳)、高抬腿跑和多次数的深蹲或半蹲练习构成,而专项耐力的训练方法则主要是由长翼项距离和比赛距离的重复跑和间歇跑等要素构成。 By using the methods of documentation, characteristic analysis, interviews and calculation of fixed base growth ratio, the research on the structure of physical fitness training of the elite athletes in sprinting events is carried out. The study reveals that the growth of speed quality has the characteristics of “precocious”. The training structure shows the characteristics of training structure with the maximum speed as the core and the short-distance running with the maximum load intensity and the less load as the main measures. The strength of the quality of the growth shows a “slow, fast intermediate ” development characteristics, the training method is mainly composed of single leg or legs continuous jumping, running (jumping), high leg run and multiple number of deep Squatting or squatting exercises constitute, and special endurance training methods are mainly from the long wing items and race distance repeated runs and intermittent run and other elements.