Aiming at the corrosion issue of oil extraction equipments caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) reproducing in oil field affusion system, we studied the dominant strains in the SRB community and the impact of four ecological factors on the growth of the dominant strains: temperature, pH, mineralization degree and concen-tration of PAM (Polyacrylamine). The feasibility of repressing the growth of SRB by changing ecological factors was also discussed. The results indicate that Desulfobacter (one genus of SRB) is the preponderant strains of the system, and the order of the effect of four ecological factors is pH>temperature>the concentrations of PAM>mineralization degree. The optimal pH for the highest growth rate of SRB is 8.0. No growth of SRB was observed when pH 12. The optimal temperature for the growth of SRB is 40 ℃ and the ecological amplitude is 20-50 ℃. The appropriate concentration values of PAM is 400 -800 mg/L, beyond of which the multiplication rate and growth quantity of cell decrease obviously. The effect of mineralization degree of SO42- ,HCO3- and Na+ on the growth of SRB has reached an extremely remarkable level, and the change of three ions oncentration in water obviously effects SRB. The optimum values on the main ions in the system are Cl- of 200 mg/L, HCO3- of 900 mg/L,SO42- of 400 mg/L, Mg2+ of 60 mg/L and Na+ of 900 mg/L. Our results indicate that it is possible to repress the growth of SRB by changing the ecological factors in oil field affusion system.