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目的了解深圳市某区职业卫生现状,为职业病防治提供依据。方法对深圳某区392家企业的行业类型、职业病危害因素监测、劳动者接触危害及职业健康检查情况等进行调查分析。结果该地区的主要行业为电子、印刷、五金塑胶和化工;存在的主要职业病危害因素为化学毒物、粉尘和噪声;不同规模、不同经济类型企业从业人员的接触危害比例不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),小型和私营企业接触危害比例较高,分别是16.70%和12.14%;噪声危害检测合格率较低,仅为42.51%,且接触噪声危害劳动者在岗期间疑似职业病及职业禁忌检出率较高,分别为3.76%,1.46%。结论小型和私营企业是该地区职业卫生重点关注对象,预防和控制职业性噪声危害则是该地区当前和今后职业卫生工作的重点。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational health in a certain area in Shenzhen and provide the basis for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods 392 enterprises in a certain area of Shenzhen were surveyed by industry type, occupational hazards, worker exposure and occupational health examination. Results The main industries in this area are electronics, printing, metal plastic and chemical industry. The main occupational hazards are chemical poisons, dust and noise. The proportions of exposure hazards of employees of enterprises of different scales and different types of economy are different with statistically significant differences (P <0.01). There was a high proportion of small-scale and private-owned enterprises with exposure to hazards, accounting for 16.70% and 12.14% respectively. The pass rate of noise hazard detection was relatively low at only 42.51%, and the exposure to noise threatened suspected occupational diseases and occupational taboos Detection rate is higher, respectively 3.76%, 1.46%. Conclusions Small and private enterprises are the main focus of occupational health in this area. Prevention and control of occupational noise hazards are the focus of current and future occupational health work in this area.