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目的探讨影响偏远地区妊娠期贫血的病因及其相关因素,为早期防治妊娠期贫血提供依据。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,将1 720例孕妇依据是否发生贫血分为贫血组和非贫血组,对2组孕妇进行回顾性研究,收集可能影响妊娠期贫血的相关因素,采用单因素和多因素分析方法来筛选影响妊娠期贫血的相关因素。结果偏远地区妊娠期贫血发生率高达54.33%(753/1 386);多因素分析结果显示居住偏远地区(OR=1.553)、饮食以腌制素食为主(OR=6.782)、经常喝茶或咖啡(OR=3.139)等因素为妊娠期贫血的危险因素,而家庭月收入(OR=0.624)和孕期加强营养(OR=0.213)则为孕妇贫血的保护因素。结论偏远地区孕妇具有较高的贫血发生率,其中经济条件较差、居住偏远地区、饮食以腌制素食为主、经常喝茶或者咖啡、孕期营养不良等均为偏远地区妊娠期贫血的高危因素,应针对这些高危因素采取必要的干预措施。
Objective To explore the etiology and related factors of anemia in gestation in remote areas and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of anemia during pregnancy. Methods A case-control study was conducted in which 1 720 pregnant women were divided into anemia group and non-anemia group according to whether there was anemia or not. The pregnant women in two groups were retrospectively studied. Factors related to pregnancy-induced anemia were collected. Factor analysis to screen for factors affecting pregnancy anemia. Results The prevalence rate of gestation anemia in remote areas was as high as 54.33% (753/1 386). Multivariate analysis showed that those living in remote areas (OR = 1.553) had a predominantly marinated diet (OR = 6.782), often drinking tea or coffee (OR = 3.139) were the risk factors of anemia during pregnancy. However, monthly family income (OR = 0.624) and nutrition during pregnancy (OR = 0.213) were the protective factors for anemia in pregnant women. Conclusion Pregnant women in remote areas have higher incidence of anemia, of which poor economic conditions, living in remote areas, mainly vegetarian diet, often drinking tea or coffee, malnutrition during pregnancy are the risk factors of pregnancy-induced anemia in remote areas , The necessary interventions should be taken for these high risk factors.