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在全国各省（区、市）的高考英语试题中，阅读理解的分值普遍为40分。其中，推理判断题一般占12分左右。推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面信息的基础上做出合理的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义及深层含义。因此该题型是阅读理解中的高难度题，是考生失分较多的题目。
套路一：攻克深层推理题
深层推理题属于推理判断题中难度稍小的题型，要求考生能根据文章内容推断出具体的细节，如人物之间的关系、原因、事件，等等。做题时，考生需遵循以下几个原则：（1）忠于原文，以文中的信息为依据，做到有理有据，绝不可主观臆断，对文中没有的信息做出推断。（2）文中的原句只能是细节题的答案，不能表示推理后得出的结论。（3）要对文章的表层信息进行合乎逻辑的推理，不能无限推测。（4）善于揣摩作者的思路，尽可能与作者的思路相吻合。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What can be inf- erred from the …paragraph？（2）What can we learn from the …paragraph？（3）What does the … sentence of the passage imply？ （4）Why did the author mention… The author uses the examples of… to show that…（5）What do we know about… We learn from Paragraph 5 that… （6） It can be inferred/concluded/implied/seen from the passage that…
例1（2016年全国新课标卷I阅读理解C）I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence， Rhode Island， and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence， the lady on the desk said， “well， I’m really sorry， I’ve got some bad news for you — there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said， “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient — please， please， you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. （Para.2）
Which flight did the woman put Peter on first？
A. To London B. To Newark
C. To Providence D. To Washington
【解析】B。根据第二段最后一句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled”可知，由于没有从华盛顿到伦敦的直达班机，这位女士就安排航班改道从Newark出发，最后比原计划提早到达，故选B。
例2（2016年全国新课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解D）“The ‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger， a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”（Para.2）
What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？
A. They’re socially inactive
B. They’re good at telling stories
C. They’re inconsiderate of others
D. They’re careful with their words
【解析】C。根據第二段第二个双引号内的第一句“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling”可推知，他们不在意其他人的感受，故选C。 套路二：強化预测想象推理题
有些题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。考生做此类题时，把握作者的写作思路是关键，如文章可能按事件发展的经过来描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述。考生要特别注意最后一段的内容及最后几句话中作者想要提供的信息。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What can be concluded/inferred from the last paragraph？ It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage that …（2）What is the author most likely to talk about following the passage？
例3（2014年山东卷阅读理解A）The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying， and told him， “That dog saved my friend’s son.” （Para.5）
Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog， and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said， “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you， maybe you should keep it.” （Para.6）
What can we infer about the dog from Paragraph 6 ？
A. It would be given to Odie
B. It would be kept by Ann’family
C. It would be returned to Peter
D. It would be taken away by Tracy
【解析】B。这篇文章讲Tracy发现了一只流浪狗，他的邻居Ann收养了它，Ann的两个儿子Thomas 和 Jack也很喜欢它。从第六段可知，狗主人Peter想接回他的狗（Odie），但当他看到Thomas和Jack因舍不得Odie在哭泣时，他说“也许Odie应该找到你们，或许你们应该收养它”。因此，可以预测狗不会被Peter带走，而是继续被Ann一家收养。
例4 （2015年英语模拟试题）So， it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive sounds capes could enhance the learning of their students， so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn’t the only sense being used to affect learning. Students with Special needs at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells — grapefruit scents for maths， lavender for French and spearmint for history. （Para.6）
Which of the following is most likely to follow up the research findings？
A. Experts’research into other senses that can improve students’grades
B. More successful examples of boosting learning power by using music
C. Suggestions for pumping lots of pleasant smells into school campuses
D. Debates on whether noises can really have positive effect on students’performance
【解析】A。文章第六段研究了两种能提高学生成绩的感官刺激方法：音乐和气味。由此可推断出文章接下来可能会谈论关于能提高学生成绩的其他研究。故选A。
套路三：强攻猜测写作目的题
文章的写作目的是阐述作者为何写这篇文章，不同的文体，写作的目的也不同。广告的写作目的是说服大家去做某事（购物、旅游等），说明文的写作目的是向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程，研究报告的写作目的是向人们展示某种研究成果，议论文的写作目的是论述一个道理或表述一个观点，记叙文的写作目的则是为了向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What’s the purpose of the campaign？ （1）What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ （3）The main purpose of this text is to...（4）For what purpose is the text written？ （5）What is the author’s intention of writing this passage？ 例5（2016年全国新课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解C）If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21， but since it has caught on， events now spread out over most of October around Britain. （Para.1）
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To show how to grow apples
B. To introduce an apple festival
C. To help people select apples
D. To promote apple research
【解析】B。由第一段的内容可知，本文主要是介绍苹果节，故正确答案为B。
套路四：明晰猜测作者的观点、态度题
解答这类题的关键在于把握好作者对主体事物或文中提及的某一具体事物的态度，在选项中常出现的表达态度的词有positive（肯定的），negative（否定的），objective（客观的），doubtful（怀疑的），indifferent（冷漠的），optimistic（乐观的），pessimistic（悲观的）等。
文中表现作者态度的方式可能为：加入形容词定语、副词状语或一些特殊的动词，如fail（未能），ignore（忽视），overestimate（高估）等表否定态度的词。因此，要了解作者对某一具体事物的态度，考生要定位到相关的句子，并根据该句中相关的形容词、副词或动词来确定作者的态度。
该题型常见的设问方式为：（1）What is the author’s attitude towards…/Which of the words best describes the author’s attitude towards…（2）What does the author think of…（3）How does the author feel about…（4）The author’s attitude towards … can be described as…
例6（2015年全国新课标卷I阅读理解B）The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter， so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota， Florida， my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C（維生素C）， thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air， I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets（at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. （Para.1）
What did the author think of her winter life in New York？
A. Exciting B. Boring C. Relaxing D. Annoying
【解析】B。根据文章第一句话“The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter”可判断，作者不喜欢在纽约过冬，因此毫不犹豫地决定去南方过周末。
例7（2016年四川卷阅读理解C）“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”（Para. 3） What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese？
A. Cautious B. Doubtful
C. Uninterested D. Appreciative
【解析】D。根据文章第三段第一句“I have a special love for the French Guianese people”和最后一句“But rather I see it as an area of freedom”可知，Gin对法属圭亚那地区的居民有一种特殊的爱，并把这里看作是自由的地方，由此可推断出他很喜欢这个地方。
套路五：完胜文章来源或阅读对象题
考生只有对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点将其对号入座，从而选出最佳的答案。一般而言，广告语言比较简洁鲜明，以达到宣传的效果；报刊的内容时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读理解中采用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活为主； 一般来讲，杂志涵盖了生活的各个层面，如对某器皿、设备等做出介绍并附有操作方式的就是产品说明书；如告知药品的服用时间、次数、药量等的则是药品说明；来自网络的文章文体不限，判断的标准就是找到文中的网络标志语，如click here，download， upload，link（链接），mouse（鼠标）等。
该题型常见的设问方式为：（1）The text is most probably taken from… （2）In which column of a newspaper would you probably find the text？ （3）The passage is likely to appear in…（4）Where would you be most likely to find the text？
例8（2015年全国新课标卷Ⅱ阅读理解B）Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan. （Para. 1）
The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts B. their body shape
C. house buying D. healthy diets
【解析】B。根據文章第一段中的“Your house may have an effect on your figure…or keep them off”及最后一句“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan”可知，正确答案为B。
例9（2015年广东卷阅读理解B）When I grew up and entered the business world， I remember hearing my first boss say， “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said， “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was， “You need to think like a fish.” Years later， with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me， I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.（Para.3）
This passage most likely comes from _______.
A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book
C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography
【解析】B。根据文章第三段的内容及最后一句“I will show you how in the following chapters”可知，本文节选自一本关于销售的书。
套路一：攻克深层推理题
深层推理题属于推理判断题中难度稍小的题型，要求考生能根据文章内容推断出具体的细节，如人物之间的关系、原因、事件，等等。做题时，考生需遵循以下几个原则：（1）忠于原文，以文中的信息为依据，做到有理有据，绝不可主观臆断，对文中没有的信息做出推断。（2）文中的原句只能是细节题的答案，不能表示推理后得出的结论。（3）要对文章的表层信息进行合乎逻辑的推理，不能无限推测。（4）善于揣摩作者的思路，尽可能与作者的思路相吻合。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What can be inf- erred from the …paragraph？（2）What can we learn from the …paragraph？（3）What does the … sentence of the passage imply？ （4）Why did the author mention… The author uses the examples of… to show that…（5）What do we know about… We learn from Paragraph 5 that… （6） It can be inferred/concluded/implied/seen from the passage that…
例1（2016年全国新课标卷I阅读理解C）I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence， Rhode Island， and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence， the lady on the desk said， “well， I’m really sorry， I’ve got some bad news for you — there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said， “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient — please， please， you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. （Para.2）
Which flight did the woman put Peter on first？
A. To London B. To Newark
C. To Providence D. To Washington
【解析】B。根据第二段最后一句“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me， re-routed（改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled”可知，由于没有从华盛顿到伦敦的直达班机，这位女士就安排航班改道从Newark出发，最后比原计划提早到达，故选B。
例2（2016年全国新课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解D）“The ‘if it bleeds’rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger， a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends， you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”（Para.2）
What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？
A. They’re socially inactive
B. They’re good at telling stories
C. They’re inconsiderate of others
D. They’re careful with their words
【解析】C。根據第二段第二个双引号内的第一句“They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling”可推知，他们不在意其他人的感受，故选C。 套路二：強化预测想象推理题
有些题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。考生做此类题时，把握作者的写作思路是关键，如文章可能按事件发展的经过来描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述。考生要特别注意最后一段的内容及最后几句话中作者想要提供的信息。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What can be concluded/inferred from the last paragraph？ It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage that …（2）What is the author most likely to talk about following the passage？
例3（2014年山东卷阅读理解A）The next morning Tracy got a call. A man named Peter recognized his lost dog and called the number on the flier. Tracy started crying， and told him， “That dog saved my friend’s son.” （Para.5）
Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog， and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window. After a few moments Peter said， “Maybe Odie was supposed to find you， maybe you should keep it.” （Para.6）
What can we infer about the dog from Paragraph 6 ？
A. It would be given to Odie
B. It would be kept by Ann’family
C. It would be returned to Peter
D. It would be taken away by Tracy
【解析】B。这篇文章讲Tracy发现了一只流浪狗，他的邻居Ann收养了它，Ann的两个儿子Thomas 和 Jack也很喜欢它。从第六段可知，狗主人Peter想接回他的狗（Odie），但当他看到Thomas和Jack因舍不得Odie在哭泣时，他说“也许Odie应该找到你们，或许你们应该收养它”。因此，可以预测狗不会被Peter带走，而是继续被Ann一家收养。
例4 （2015年英语模拟试题）So， it seems that schools that choose to prevent disturbing noises and create positive sounds capes could enhance the learning of their students， so long as they make careful choices. Yet this isn’t the only sense being used to affect learning. Students with Special needs at Sydenham high school in London are being encouraged to revise different subjects in the presence of different smells — grapefruit scents for maths， lavender for French and spearmint for history. （Para.6）
Which of the following is most likely to follow up the research findings？
A. Experts’research into other senses that can improve students’grades
B. More successful examples of boosting learning power by using music
C. Suggestions for pumping lots of pleasant smells into school campuses
D. Debates on whether noises can really have positive effect on students’performance
【解析】A。文章第六段研究了两种能提高学生成绩的感官刺激方法：音乐和气味。由此可推断出文章接下来可能会谈论关于能提高学生成绩的其他研究。故选A。
套路三：强攻猜测写作目的题
文章的写作目的是阐述作者为何写这篇文章，不同的文体，写作的目的也不同。广告的写作目的是说服大家去做某事（购物、旅游等），说明文的写作目的是向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程，研究报告的写作目的是向人们展示某种研究成果，议论文的写作目的是论述一个道理或表述一个观点，记叙文的写作目的则是为了向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等。
该题型常见的表达方式为：（1）What’s the purpose of the campaign？ （1）What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ （3）The main purpose of this text is to...（4）For what purpose is the text written？ （5）What is the author’s intention of writing this passage？ 例5（2016年全国新课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解C）If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21， but since it has caught on， events now spread out over most of October around Britain. （Para.1）
What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？
A. To show how to grow apples
B. To introduce an apple festival
C. To help people select apples
D. To promote apple research
【解析】B。由第一段的内容可知，本文主要是介绍苹果节，故正确答案为B。
套路四：明晰猜测作者的观点、态度题
解答这类题的关键在于把握好作者对主体事物或文中提及的某一具体事物的态度，在选项中常出现的表达态度的词有positive（肯定的），negative（否定的），objective（客观的），doubtful（怀疑的），indifferent（冷漠的），optimistic（乐观的），pessimistic（悲观的）等。
文中表现作者态度的方式可能为：加入形容词定语、副词状语或一些特殊的动词，如fail（未能），ignore（忽视），overestimate（高估）等表否定态度的词。因此，要了解作者对某一具体事物的态度，考生要定位到相关的句子，并根据该句中相关的形容词、副词或动词来确定作者的态度。
该题型常见的设问方式为：（1）What is the author’s attitude towards…/Which of the words best describes the author’s attitude towards…（2）What does the author think of…（3）How does the author feel about…（4）The author’s attitude towards … can be described as…
例6（2015年全国新课标卷I阅读理解B）The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter， so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota， Florida， my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C（維生素C）， thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air， I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets（at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. （Para.1）
What did the author think of her winter life in New York？
A. Exciting B. Boring C. Relaxing D. Annoying
【解析】B。根据文章第一句话“The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter”可判断，作者不喜欢在纽约过冬，因此毫不犹豫地决定去南方过周末。
例7（2016年四川卷阅读理解C）“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”（Para. 3） What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese？
A. Cautious B. Doubtful
C. Uninterested D. Appreciative
【解析】D。根据文章第三段第一句“I have a special love for the French Guianese people”和最后一句“But rather I see it as an area of freedom”可知，Gin对法属圭亚那地区的居民有一种特殊的爱，并把这里看作是自由的地方，由此可推断出他很喜欢这个地方。
套路五：完胜文章来源或阅读对象题
考生只有对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明等有基本的了解，才能根据文章的特点将其对号入座，从而选出最佳的答案。一般而言，广告语言比较简洁鲜明，以达到宣传的效果；报刊的内容时事性比较强，分不同的版块，在阅读理解中采用的报刊类文章一般以政治、生活为主； 一般来讲，杂志涵盖了生活的各个层面，如对某器皿、设备等做出介绍并附有操作方式的就是产品说明书；如告知药品的服用时间、次数、药量等的则是药品说明；来自网络的文章文体不限，判断的标准就是找到文中的网络标志语，如click here，download， upload，link（链接），mouse（鼠标）等。
该题型常见的设问方式为：（1）The text is most probably taken from… （2）In which column of a newspaper would you probably find the text？ （3）The passage is likely to appear in…（4）Where would you be most likely to find the text？
例8（2015年全国新课标卷Ⅱ阅读理解B）Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan. （Para. 1）
The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______.
A. their home comforts B. their body shape
C. house buying D. healthy diets
【解析】B。根據文章第一段中的“Your house may have an effect on your figure…or keep them off”及最后一句“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan”可知，正确答案为B。
例9（2015年广东卷阅读理解B）When I grew up and entered the business world， I remember hearing my first boss say， “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said， “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was， “You need to think like a fish.” Years later， with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me， I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.（Para.3）
This passage most likely comes from _______.
A. a fishing guide B. a popular sales book
C. a novel on childhood D. a millionaire’s biography
【解析】B。根据文章第三段的内容及最后一句“I will show you how in the following chapters”可知，本文节选自一本关于销售的书。