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随着人口老龄化的加剧,哈萨克斯坦传统国家担保型养老保险模式陷入了严重的支付危机。面对严重的养老金危机,哈萨克斯坦政府从1997年起进行了养老保险改革,初步建立了以个人账户及统筹账户为主、个人积累及储蓄为辅的混合型养老保险制度,并在养老基金管理、投资运营、解决转轨成本等方面取得了一定的成效。虽然哈萨克斯坦养老保险改革比较成功,但养老金替代率较低、地区差距较大、退休年龄偏高等问题比较突出。本文认为,哈萨克斯坦养老金制度改革的成功经验及运行机制对我国养老保险制度的改革和养老保险基金的保值增值等都有一定的借鉴和参考价值。
With the aging of the population, Kazakhstan’s traditional state-sponsored pension insurance system has fallen into a serious payment crisis. In the face of serious pension crisis, the government of Kazakhstan conducted the pension reform since 1997, initially setting up a mixed old-age pension system supplemented mainly by personal accounts and co-ordinated accounts, supplemented by individual accumulation and savings, Management, investment and operation, to solve the transition costs and achieved some results. Although the reform of pension insurance in Kazakhstan is relatively successful, the pension replacement rate is low, the gap between regions is large, and the problems such as the high retirement age are prominent. This paper argues that the successful experience and operating mechanism of Kazakhstan’s pension system reform have some reference and reference values for the reform of China’s pension insurance system and the preservation and increment of pension funds.