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苏联土壤力学中所指的‘土壤’,是包括一般所称的岩石。基于力学的观点,土壤力学中土壤分类所依据的条件,与土壤学中的土壤分类,很有些不同。‘岩石土类’是依据它的可压缩性及应压力的大小;‘石砂土类’是依据土壤中大小颗粒的百分比例;‘粘土类’是依据土壤的塑性系数。土壤的基本种类如下:
The so-called “soil” in soil mechanics in the Soviet Union includes the so-called rock. From the mechanistic point of view, the conditions under which soil classification is based in soil mechanics are quite different from the soil classification in soil science. ’Rocky soil’ is based on its compressibility and pressure; ’Sandy sand’ is based on the percentage of particles in the soil; ’Clay’ is based on the plasticity of the soil. The basic types of soils are as follows: