二阶非线性光学材料作为光电子技术中的关键材料已引起研究人员极大的兴趣。而聚酰亚胺作为一种二阶非线性光学材料的基体除了具备有机聚合物的共有优点如易加工成型外 ,还比其它聚合物基二阶非线性光学材料具有更高的玻璃化转变温度 ,更优异的耐热性能、电性能和机械性能 ,是目前被选用最多的二阶非线性光学材料的聚合物基体之一。本文对近年来聚酰亚胺基二阶非线性光学材料的制备、性能研究以及极化和松弛方面的研究进展进行了评述 Second-order nonlinear optical materials as a key material in optoelectronic technology have aroused great interest of researchers. The polyimide as a second-order nonlinear optical material matrix in addition to having the common advantages of organic polymers such as easy processing, but also than other polymer-based second-order nonlinear optical materials have a higher glass transition temperature , More excellent heat resistance, electrical properties and mechanical properties, is currently the most used second-order nonlinear optical materials, one of the polymer matrix. In this paper, the preparation and properties of polyimide-based second-order nonlinear optical materials and the research progress of polarization and relaxation in recent years are reviewed