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To further explore the role of rituximab when added to the CHOP-like regimen in the treatment of immunohistochemically defined non-germinal center B-cell subtype (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL),159 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients were studied retrospectively based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of CD10,Bcl-6,MUM-1,and Bcl-2.Altogether,110 patients underwent the CHOP-like regimen,and rituximab was added for the other 49 patients.Cox regression analysis showed that compared with the CHOP-like regimen,the rituximab-based regimen (R-CHOP regimen)significantly decreased the risk of disease relapse and progression in CD10-negative patients (P =0.001),Bcl-6-negative patients (P =0.01),and MUM-1-positive patients (P =0.003).The risk of disease relapse in patients with non-GCB subtype (P =0.002) also decreased.In contrast,patients with the opposite immunohistochemical marker expression profile and GCB subtype did not benefit from treatment with the R-CHOP regimen.In addition,non-GCB subtype patients had a significantly higher expression rate of Bcl-2than GCB subtype patients (P =0.042).Although univariate analysis found that both Bcl-2-positive and -negative patients had significantly higher event-free survival rates with the R-CHOP regimen,only Bcl-2positivity (P =0.004) maintained significance in the Cox regression analysis.We conclude that the addition of rituximab can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with non-GCB subtype DLBCL,which is closely related to the expression of CD10,Bcl-6,MUM-1,and Bcl-2.