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目的探讨桉叶油对环磷酰胺致大鼠胚胎毒性的保护作用。方法取孕鼠25只,随机分成5组,3个实验组(桉叶油低、中、高剂量组),溶剂对照组(花生油组),阳性对照组(环磷酰胺组)。大鼠妊娠第10天开始,实验组分别用100,200,300 mg·kg-1桉叶油灌胃,溶剂对照组每只用2 mL花生油灌胃,每天1次,连续5 d。阳性对照组于孕第13天腹腔注射12.5 mg·kg-1环磷酰胺1次。各组孕鼠于孕第19天处死取胚胎,记录孕鼠的体重、子宫重、卵巢重、胎盘重。计胚胎植入的总数、吸收胎数、活胎数、死胎数。观察胚胎外形,并测量胎鼠体重、身长、尾长。另取孕鼠25只,动物分组同前。实验组和溶剂对照组于孕第10天分别用桉叶油和花生油开始灌胃,用药剂量同前,连续灌胃8 d。各组于第13天注射12.5 mg·kg-1环磷酰胺1次,孕第19天处死取胚胎,记录观察指标同前。结果①桉叶油灌胃孕鼠后,孕鼠的体重增重、子宫重、卵巢重、胎盘重与溶剂对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。胚胎植入总数、吸收胎率、活胎率、死胎率与溶剂对照组相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。桉叶油各组活胎鼠平均体重、身长、尾长均较溶剂对照组高,但只有桉叶油高剂量组胎鼠平均体重与溶剂组比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。其余组的指标与溶剂对照组比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。阳性对照组胎鼠平均体重、尾长明显低于溶剂组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。阳性对照组胎鼠平均身长低于溶剂组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。②100,200,300 mg·kg-1桉叶油灌胃孕鼠8 d后,环磷酰胺诱发的胚胎畸胎率、死胎率明显低于未灌胃桉叶油的阳性对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。实验组胎鼠平均体重、尾长均高于未灌胃桉叶油的阳性对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论本实验条件下,桉叶油对孕鼠胚胎无胚胎发育毒性,同时具有拮抗环磷酰胺诱发胚胎畸形的作用。
Objective To investigate the protective effect of eucalyptus oil on the embryotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. Methods Twenty-five pregnant rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 3 experimental groups (Eucalyptus oil low, medium and high dose group), solvent control group (peanut oil group) and positive control group (cyclophosphamide group). The rats started on the 10th day of gestation. The rats in the experimental group were orally administered with eucalyptus oil at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg · kg-1, respectively. The solvent control group was orally administered with 2 mL of peanut oil once a day for 5 days. Positive control group on the 13th day of pregnancy intraperitoneal injection of 12.5 mg · kg-1 cyclophosphamide once. The pregnant rats in each group were sacrificed on the 19th day of pregnancy to take embryos, and the weight, uterus weight, ovary weight and placental weight of pregnant rats were recorded. Total number of embryos implanted, number of absorbed fetuses, number of live births, number of stillbirths. Observation of embryonic appearance, and measurement of fetal rat weight, length, tail length. Another 25 pregnant rats, animal groups with the former. Experimental group and solvent control group on the 10th day of pregnancy, respectively, with eucalyptus oil and peanut oil began to gavage, with the same dose, continuous gavage for 8 days. Each group on the 13th day of injection of 12.5 mg · kg-1 cyclophosphamide once pregnant 19th embryo fetus fetus, record the same as the previous observation indicators. Results ① Eucalyptus oil did not show significant difference in weight gain, weight of uterus, weight of ovary and weight of placenta between the pregnant rats and the control group (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total number of embryo implantation, the rate of absorbed fetus, the percentage of live fetus and the rate of stillbirth compared with the control group (P> 0.05). Eucalyptus oil in each group live fetus average body weight, length and tail length were higher than the solvent control group, but only eucalyptus oil high-dose group average weight and solvent group significantly different (P <0.05). The remaining group of indicators and the solvent control group no significant difference (P> 0.05). The average weight and tail length of fetal rats in the positive control group were significantly lower than those in the solvent group (P <0.05). The average length of fetal rats in the positive control group was lower than that in the solvent group, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). ② At 8 days after oral administration of 100, 200, 300 mg · kg-1 Eucalyptus oil, the teratogenic rate and the stillbirth rate induced by cyclophosphamide were significantly lower than those of the control group without eucalyptus oil P <0.05). The average body weight and tail length of fetal rats in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group without eucalyptus oil (P <0.05). Conclusion Eucalyptus oil has no embryotoxicity on pregnant mice and antagonizes cyclophosphamide-induced embryonic malformations under this experimental condition.