目的探讨肾移植患者术后外周血ＣＤ３／ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ及ＣＤ３／ＣＤ（１６＋５６）的变化及其意义。方法提取患者的外周血淋巴细胞，加入双荧光标记的鼠抗人单克隆抗体ＣＤ３／ＣＤ（１６＋５６）、ＣＤ３／ＨＬＡＤＲ，流式细胞分析仪进行测定。结果术前患者的ＣＤ＋３／ＣＤ＋（１６＋５６）、ＣＤ－３／ＣＤ＋（１６＋５６）及ＣＤ－３／ＨＬＡＤＲ＋高于健康人，而ＣＤ＋３／ＣＤ－（１６＋５６）和ＣＤ＋３／ＨＬＡＤＲ－低于健康人；术后３天肾功能稳定者的全部淋巴细胞亚群下降，尤以ＣＤ＋３／ＣＤ＋（１６＋５６）为著；术后排斥者的ＣＤ－３／ＣＤ＋（１６＋５６）、ＣＤ＋３／ＣＤ＋（１６＋５６）、ＣＤ－３／ＨＬＡＤＲ＋及ＣＤ＋３／ＨＬＡＤＲ＋较稳定者显著升高，而急性肾小管坏死者的上述４个指标异常增高，是排斥组的２倍。结论术后动态测定ＣＤ３／ＨＬＡＤＲ和ＣＤ３／ＣＤ（１６＋５６）有助于急性排斥和急性肾小管坏死的早期诊断及鉴别诊断，对及时治疗和抗排斥疗效的评价具有一定意义 Objective To investigate the changes of CD3 / HLA-DR and CD3 / CD (16 + 56) in peripheral blood after renal transplantation and its significance. Methods Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients were extracted and double fluorescent labeled mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies CD3 / CD (16 + 56), CD3 / HLA DR were added and measured by flow cytometry. Results Preoperative patients had higher CD + 3 / CD + (16 + 56), CD-3 / CD + (16 + 56) and CD-3 / HLA- DR + (16 + 56) and CD + 3 / CD + (16 + 56) were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05) .After 3 days of operation, the total lymphocyte subsets of patients with stable renal function decreased, , CD-3 / HLA-DR + and CD + 3 / HLA-DR + more stable were significantly increased, while the acute tubular necrosis of the above four indicators were abnormally increased in the rejection group 2 times. Conclusions The dynamic determination of CD3 / HLADR and CD3 / CD (16 + 56) after surgery is helpful for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute rejection and acute tubular necrosis, which has some significance for the evaluation of prompt treatment and antirejection