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目的了解近年来南方医科大学附属深圳妇幼保健院先天性心脏病(CHD)的发病变化趋势及其基本流行病学特点。方法对2010年1月-2014年12月在该院引产分娩的1 131例CHD患儿及其母亲的基本资料、缺陷类型等情况进行回顾性分析。将CHD患儿分为仅有心血管系统畸形的单纯型CHD组(单纯组)及合并有除心血管系统畸形以外的其他系统畸形的复杂型CHD组(复杂组),对两组基本情况进行统计分析。结果 5年间该院CHD发病率整体呈上升趋势,发病率为13.22‰;92.22%由超声检查发现,产前诊断率为52.52%;孕妇年龄≥35岁者占15.21%,户籍类型以暂住型居多,占46.77%,文化程度以高中及中专以下学历为主,占52.25%;以单胎、男性、下半年出生者较多;最常见的心血管畸形是室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、房间隔缺损,发生率分别是5.60‰、2.32‰、1.17‰;并发其他系统畸形者占22.19%,以神经系统、骨骼四肢、染色体异常为主;两组患者孕次、胎龄、文化程度、确诊时间、确诊依据、转归等方面比较差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为22.98、55.06、10.23、103.1、13.137和113.245,P<0.05)。结论 5年间该院CHD发病率整体呈上升趋势,了解其发病情况及特点,以便尽早进行干预,降低其发病率。
Objective To understand the trend and basic epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) in Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University in recent years. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the basic data and defect types of 1 131 CHD children and their mothers who gave birth in this hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Children with CHD were divided into simple CHD group (simple group) with only cardiovascular system deformity and complex CHD group (complex group) with other systematic deformities other than cardiovascular system deformity, and the basic situation of both groups was statistically analyzed analysis. Results The incidence of CHD in this hospital showed an overall upward trend over a period of 5 years, with an incidence rate of 13.22%. 92.22% of cases were diagnosed by ultrasound and the rate of prenatal diagnosis was 52.52%. Pregnant women aged 15-35 years accounted for 15.21% Mostly, accounting for 46.77%, the educational level is high school and secondary technical education, accounting for 52.25%; to singleton, male, born in the second half more; the most common cardiovascular malformations are ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus , Atrial septal defect, the incidence rates were 5.60 ‰, 2.32 ‰, 1.17 ‰; concurrent other system malformations accounted for 22.19%, with nervous system, skeletal limbs, chromosomal abnormalities; pregnancy, gestational age, education level , The time of diagnosis, the basis of diagnosis and the prognosis were statistically significant (χ ~ 2 values were 22.98,55.06,10.23,103.1,13.137 and 113.245, P <0.05). Conclusion The overall incidence of CHD in this hospital is on an upward trend during the 5 years. The incidence and characteristics of CHD in this hospital are expected to be intervened as soon as possible so as to reduce the incidence of CHD.