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The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of sclerotherapy using NBCA(Histoacryl Blue?;B.Braun,Melgungen,Germany),with or without hydrodissection,for the treatment of simple renal cysts.Materials and Methods:Patients who presented to an interventional radiology clinic for the diagnosis of symptomatic renal cysts which had previously been identified at an outpatient clinic were selected for inclusion in this study.A total of 28 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups,based on whether or not they underwent hydrodissection along with ultrasound-guided NBCA-based sclerotherapy.Sonographs were performed at 0,7,and 180 days post-procedure to record the residual volume of the renal cysts and to determine the efficacy of the procedure.Re-sults:A total of 32 cysts in 28 patients were treated with sclerotherapy,18(64％)females and 10(36％)males.The average age of the patients was 61.8 years(range:33-89 years).All patients reported an improvement in symptoms associated with the existing renal cysts at 7 and 180 days post-procedure,and at 7 days post-procedure a statistically significant reduction in cyst volume was observed(all patients:96.8％;group A:96％;group B:97.6％).The reduced cyst volume was still observed 180 days post-procedure(all patients:98.6％;group A:98.2％;group B:98.9％).There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups.Conclusion:There is a significant and persistent reduction in the volume of renal cysts,in addition to an improvement of the associated symptoms,after treatment with NBCA-based sclerotherapy,with or without hydrodissection.