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目的回顾性分析2011年-2015年门诊和住院患者人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的检测阳性率,了解其感染的流行趋势。方法对2011年-2015年179 994例门诊和住院病人HIV采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)第三代方法检测,分析HIV在调查人群、不同年龄、性别和不同来源中的阳性率。结果 2011年-2015年HIV感染检测例数逐年增加,HIV感染阳性率呈先降低后升高的趋势,5年调查人群HIV感染总阳性率为12.3/万;不同性别组男性感染率为19.4/万,女性感染率为5.5/万,不同性别的HIV阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在不同年龄段分组中,随着年龄的增长,HIV感染阳性率逐步降低,其中,以≤30岁组阳性率最高,为27.5/万,≥60岁组阳性率最低,为4.2/万,HIV感染阳性率各年龄段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论宁波地区HIV阳性率在性别和年龄组间有差异,男性高于女性,青年是HIV感染的高发期,应进一步加强性病门诊的常规艾滋检测,控制和减少交叉感染。
Objective To retrospectively analyze the positive rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in outpatients and inpatients from 2011 to 2015 and find out the prevalence of HIV infection. Methods A total of 179 994 outpatients and inpatients with HIV from 2011 to 2015 were tested for the third generation of HIV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The positive rates of HIV in the surveyed population, different age, gender and different sources were analyzed. Results The number of cases of HIV infection increased from 2011 to 2015, the positive rate of HIV infection decreased first and then increased. The total positive rate of HIV infection in the 5-year survey population was 12.3 / million; the male infection rate in different sex groups was 19.4 / The prevalence of HIV infection was 5.5 / 10 000, the positive rate of HIV infection by different sex was statistically significant (P <0.05). In different age groups, with the increase of age, the positive rate of HIV infection gradually decreased. Among them, The highest positive rate was 27.5% in ≤30 years old group, and the lowest in ≥60 years old group was 4.2%. The positive rate of HIV infection in all age groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The positive rate of HIV in Ningbo varies from sex to age group. Male is higher than female. Youth is the high incidence of HIV infection. The conventional HIV testing in STD clinics should be strengthened to control and reduce cross-infection.