“自上而下”有组织的发展战略同“自下而上”的发展战略之间的一般差别,如同许多对立的事物一样,被夸大了。使这两种战略发挥效用在哲理上有许多不同的地方,但是当付诸实施时,赠予机构和分发援助物资的政府便碰到了难题。因为自上而下有组织的计划通常需要去发动,而且甚至要承受自下而上的生产能力。在鼓励较多国家分享的发展模式中,赠予者可以得到的经验是,极端的自上而下有组织的发展或极端的自下而上的发展都不是一种比上述两种方法更好的有前途的战略。 The “top-down” general distinction between an organized development strategy and a “bottom-up” development strategy is as exaggerated as many opposite things. There are many philosophical differences between the two strategies, but when it comes to implementation, the government that grants institutions and distributes aid runs into problems. Because a top-down, organized plan usually needs to be launched, and even to bottom-up productivity. In the model of development that encourages more countries to share, the giver can gain the experience that extreme top-down or extreme bottom-up development is not a better solution than either Promising strategy