目的为研究人员提供正常BALB/c的鼻部组织结构特点,为有关的动物模型的研究提供解剖基础。方法正常BALB/c小鼠头部去掉外部软组织,分别进行矢状位显微镜下大体解剖成像和冠状位石蜡切片。苏木苏-伊红和高典酸希夫染色进一步确定鼻甲、鼻窦、鼻黏膜等鼻部显微组织形态特征。结果本研究发现正常BALB/c小鼠鼻部主要结构包括犁鼻器、嗅觉上皮、上下两个鼻甲、鼻咽、窦口鼻道复合体、上颌窦、以及筛迷路形成的前组筛窦和后组筛窦。而且上颌窦以黏膜下腺体显著增生为主要特点。但是正常小鼠鼻部可能没有额窦和蝶窦。结论本研究结果提示正常BALB/c小鼠鼻部和正常人的鼻部结构有显著的区别。了解正常BALB/c小鼠鼻部组织结构特点及其和人的差异对于开展小鼠变应性鼻窦和慢性鼻窦炎等动物模型的实验研究具有重要的指导意义。 Objective To provide researchers with the normal BALB / c nasal tissue structure characteristics, and provide anatomical basis for the study of animal models. Methods Normal soft tissue was removed from the head of BALB / c mice and gross anatomic imaging and coronal paraffin sections were performed under the sagittal microscope. Hematoxylin - Eosin and Chronic acid Schiff staining to further determine the turbinate, sinus, nasal mucosa and other nasal morphology of the microstructure. Results This study found that the main structures of the nasal parts of normal BALB / c mice include vomeronasal epithelium, olfactory epithelium, upper and lower turbinate, nasopharynx, ostiomeatal complex, maxillary sinus and anterior ethmoid sinus After the group ethmoid. And maxillary sinus submucosal glands significant proliferation of the main features. However, the normal mouse nose may have no frontal sinus and sphenoid sinus. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that there is a significant difference between the nasal and normal human nasal structures in normal BALB / c mice. To understand the normal BALB / c mouse nasal tissue structure and human differences and differences in the conduct of mouse allergic sinusitis and chronic sinusitis and other animal models of experimental study has important guiding significance.