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目的分析广西东北部灭疟联防区2008—2014年疟疾流行病学特征,为制定疟疾控制后期防控策略提供依据。方法收集2008—2014年广西东北部灭疟联防区输入性疟疾病例个案调查表、网络直报病例等监测数据,对输入性疟疾的感染来源、虫种、人群和地区分布等进行描述、分析。结果联防区2008—2014年共报告疟疾病例76例,均为输入性病例,年均发病率为1.71/10万。虫种以恶性疟为主,占52.63%;其次为间日疟,占36.84%。联防区共血检当地居民发热患者65 310人次。血检流动人口15 609人次,检出疟原虫阳性76例,阳性率为0.49%。病例分布于联防区13个联防单位中的8个,其中全州县33例,占43.4%。病例以男性为主,占94.05%;年龄集中于20~49岁组,占89.47%。病例感染地主要为非洲8个国家(59.21%)和东南亚2个国家(26.32%),以及国内的海南省和其他地区。病例主要从事工种为淘金和挖矿,占78.95%。病例发病时间集中于4—8月份,占64.47%。输入性疟疾死亡病例2012年报告2例,无继发病例发生。结论当前广西东北部灭疟联防区疟疾发病以境外输入性病例为主,且多数为恶性疟;加强对外出非洲和东南亚地区务工返回人员的疟疾监测、及时发现和有效治疗输入性传染源是实现消除疟疾目标的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in 2008-2014 in the anti-malaria zone of northeastern Guangxi and provide evidence for the development of post-malaria prevention and control strategies. Methods The surveillance data of malaria cases of imported malaria in the malaria prevention zone of northeast Guangxi from 2008 to 2014 were collected and the direct reports of the cases were collected. The sources of infection, worms, population and geographical distribution of imported malaria were described and analyzed. Results A total of 76 malaria cases were reported in the joint defense area from 2008 to 2014, both of which were imported cases, with an average annual incidence of 1.71 / 100,000. Pest mainly falciparum malaria, accounting for 52.63%; followed by Malaria, accounting for 36.84%. 65,310 people were fever-proofed by local residents in the joint blood test area. A total of 15 609 blood samples were collected from floating population, 76 cases were positive for Plasmodium, the positive rate was 0.49%. The cases were distributed in 8 of 13 joint defense units in the joint defense area, of which 33 cases were in Quanzhou County, accounting for 43.4%. The majority of cases were male, accounting for 94.05%. The age ranged from 20 to 49 years, accounting for 89.47%. Cases were mainly infected in eight countries in Africa (59.21%) and two countries in Southeast Asia (26.32%), as well as the domestic Hainan Province and other regions. Cases are mainly engaged in gold mining work and mining, accounting for 78.95%. The incidence of cases concentrated in April-August, accounting for 64.47%. Two cases of fatal malaria cases were reported in 2012, with no secondary cases. Conclusions At present, the incidence of malaria in the anti-malaria protection zone in northeastern Guangxi is dominated by imported malaria and most of them are falciparum malaria. To intensify malaria surveillance of returnees out of Africa and Southeast Asia, timely detection and effective treatment of imported sources of infection are achieved The key to eliminating the malaria goal.