胡适的士大夫出身与美国留学经历,使他的新闻思想兼具自由主义与精英主义的双重取向,这些取向交织体现在他报刊功能观、言论自由观和记者修养观三个方面上。他认为:报刊是思想启蒙的工具与公共舆论的平台;倡导言论自由与审慎的言论表达;记者要作为独立的自由主义者,辩冤白谤,包容异见,小心求证。在这些观点中,胡适对公众舆论的重视和言论自由的提倡体现了他自由主义的精神追求,而报刊在于启蒙民智的观点与对于记者的角色定位又反映出他思想中精英主义的一面。 His literary and literary background as a graduate student in the United States makes his journalism thought dualistic of liberalism and elitism, which are intertwined in three aspects: his functional concept of newspaper, freedom of speech and self-cultivation of journalists. In his opinion, newspapers and magazines serve as a platform for enlightenment and tools of public opinion. They advocate freedom of speech and prudence in expressing their opinions. Reporters are required to serve as independent liberals and defend against slander, tolerate dissent and be careful about evidence. From these points of view, Hu Shih’s emphasis on public opinions and his advocacy of freedom of speech embodies his spiritual pursuit of liberalism. The newspaper’s position of enlightening the people’s wisdom and his role as journalist reflects his elitism side.