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在公开发表数据基础上,本研究评价了全国6大稻作区10类稻田提供的生态系统服务。研究的服务包括稻田初级产品生产、气体调节、氮素转化、土壤有机质累积以及水调节和洪水控制等5项生态系统服务。研究结果显示,稻田谷物产量为4.71–12.18 t ha-1 y-1,稻草为4.65–9.79 t ha-1 y-1;O2调节量为8.27–19.69 t ha-1 y-1,温室气体调节量为-2 .13–19.24 t ha-1 y-1 (CO2 当量);氮素输入量为209.70–513.93 kg N ha-1 y-1,输出量为112.87–332.69 kg N ha-1 y-1;土壤有机质库变化为0.69–4.88 t C ha-1 y-1;水调节量为-19 875–6430 m3 ha-1 y-1,洪水控制量为1500 m3 ha-1 y-1。研究结果还显示,10类稻田的生态系统服务价值为8605–21 405 美元 ha-1 y-1,除了初级产品生产以外的其他生态系统服务价值仅占74%–89%。在施氮量为275–297 kg N ha-1时,稻田生态系统服务价值相对较高。目前仅以农产品生产来计算稻田生态系统的价值显著低估了稻田生态系统对人类社会的重要性。随着越来越多的森林、草地等转为城市和工业用途,农田特别是稻田生态系统将具有越来越高的生态重要性。农田生态系统农产品生产以外的生态系统服务将受到越来越多的关注。
Based on the published data, this study evaluates the ecosystem services provided by the 10 paddy fields in the six paddy areas throughout the country. The services researched include the production of primary products in paddy fields, gas regulation, nitrogen transformation, accumulation of soil organic matter, and five ecosystem services such as water regulation and flood control. The results showed that the grain yield of paddy field was 4.71-12.18 t ha-1 y-1 and that of straw was 4.65-9.79 t ha-1 y-1; the regulation of O2 was 8.27-19.69 t ha-1 y-1, The amount of nitrogen input was 209.70-513.93 kg N ha-1 y-1 and the output was 112.87-332.69 kg N ha-1 y- 1; the change of soil organic matter pool was 0.69-4.88 t C ha-1 y-1; the water regulation was -19 875-6430 m3 ha-1 y-1 and the flood control was 1500 m3 ha-1 y-1. The study also showed that the value of ecosystem services in the 10 rice fields ranged from US $ 8605-21,405 ha-1 y-1, accounting for only 74-89% of ecosystem services other than primary production. At the N application rate of 275-297 kg N ha-1, the value of paddy ecosystem services was relatively high. The current value of paddy field ecosystems based solely on agricultural production significantly underestimates the importance of paddy ecosystems to human society. As more and more forests, grasslands and the like are converted to urban and industrial uses, farmland, especially paddy ecosystems, will have a growing ecological importance. Ecosystem Services beyond the production of agro-products will receive increasing attention.