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吉州窑位于吉安县永和镇,是我国现有保存完好的古代名窑遗址之一,也是国家级文物保护单位。它始于晚唐,兴于五代、北宋,极盛于南宋,而衰于元末。所产瓷器种类繁多,按胎釉可分为青釉瓷、乳白釉瓷、绿釉瓷、黑釉瓷、彩绘瓷等,其中尤以黑釉瓷的生产工艺独步天下,创造出“木叶贴花”、“剪纸贴花”等名贵产品。此次吉安县永和堤除险加固工程位于窑址的边缘地带,紧邻赣江,极有可能存在当时瓷器外运的码头、货物集散等重要遗存。江西省文物行政管理部门及时将工程涉及吉州窑边缘的有关情况向国家文物局进行了报告,并经批准对所涉区域进行了考古发掘工作。发掘工作共分三个区域,发现了房基、灰坑及晚唐至明清时期的生活、生产、文娱用瓷等遗存,其中房屋基址均为明清至民国时期,遗物则包含了吉州窑的产品及明清时期的青花瓷器等标本。在发掘简报对三个区的地层介绍中,我们均发现“匣钵块”“晚唐至宋的瓷器标本”等文字叙述,上述窑业遗存显然拜吉州窑所赐,晚期居民则就地取材,大量用于房屋的垫基。发掘证实了此处确实处于吉州窑的外围,而所出土的各类釉色瓷器,则可大大充实吉州窑的内涵,为吉州窑的深入研究有所裨益。
Located in Yonghe Town, Ji’an County, Jizhou is one of the well-preserved ancient kilns in our country and also a national heritage conservation unit. It began in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Five Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty, flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty, and decline in late Yuan Dynasty. Produced a wide range of porcelain, according to the fetal glaze can be divided into green glazed porcelain, white porcelain glaze, green glaze porcelain, black glaze porcelain, painted porcelain, black glazed porcelain, especially in the production process in the world, to create Applique “, ” paper-cut applique “and other luxury products. The Ji’an County Yonghe dike reinforcement project located in the edge of the kiln site, close to the Ganjiang River, most likely there was the port of porcelain, cargo distribution and other important remains. The administrative department of cultural relics of Jiangxi Province timely reported the related situation of the project to the edge of Jizhou kiln to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and approved the archaeological excavations in the area concerned. Excavation work is divided into three areas, found the housing base, ash pits and the late Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties life, production, entertainment and other remains of porcelain, of which the housing site are from Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, the relic contains the kiln of Jizhou Products and blue and white porcelain and other specimens during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In excavation briefing on the stratigraphic introduction of the three districts, we all found that the ”kiln block“, ”late Tang to Song porcelain specimens" and other textual statements, the kiln remains apparently thanks to the worship of Jizhou kiln, late residents Then draw on the spot, a lot for the pad of housing. Excavation confirmed here is indeed in the periphery of the Jizhou kiln, and the various types of glazed porcelain unearthed, you can greatly enrich the content of Jizhou kiln, Jiyao kiln in-depth study of some benefit.