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对跨越波尔图杜罗河的MariaPia大桥的技术、历史和美学研究状况进行介绍。Portugal在1875-1877年间由G.Eiffel和Cie.设计并建造。通过分析证实这座桥的重要性是源于其:1)在设计竞赛中体现的经济性;2)在自重荷载、活荷载和风荷载作用下有限元分析结果的适用性和安全性;3)设计师出于美学角度设计出的典雅外形、国际认可度以及现场的可视化分析。主要目的不是建议今天的设计师模仿MariaPia的外形,而是要阐明工程师G.Eiffel和Cie.的设计理念。通过考虑现场条件、结构受力和安装程序提出的概念设计方案,最终使得这一经济方案在设计竞赛中获胜。这种设计方法在21世纪的设计中经常被采用。
The technical, historical and aesthetic studies of the Maria Pia Bridge over the Douro River in Porto are presented. Portugal was designed and built by G. Eiffel and Cie. Between 1875 and 1877. The importance of the bridge is confirmed through analysis of the following aspects: 1) the economy embodied in the design competition; 2) the applicability and safety of finite element analysis results under self-weight, live and wind loads; 3) The aesthetic appearance of the designer for aesthetic reasons, international acceptance and on-site visual analysis. The main purpose is not to suggest that today’s designers mimic MariaPia’s profile but to clarify the design philosophy of engineers G. Eiffel and Cie. By considering the site conditions, the stress of the structure and the conceptual design proposed by the installer ultimately led to this economic scenario winning in the design competition. This design approach is often adopted in 21st century design.