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〔关键词〕 简缩；定语从句；分词；动词不定式；形容词短语；介词短语
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 Ｃ
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2008）04（Ａ）—0056—０1
一、用分词简缩定语从句
从句的谓语动词如果表示“进行、一般或过去”状态，可简缩为现在分词短语。如果从句的谓语动词是被动结构或先行词是从句动作的承受者，则用过去分词短语简缩。如：
1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster？
→Who is that man talking with our headmaster？
2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.
→The woman working in the company is an engineer.
3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.
→A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.
4. He told me the people that were taking photos there were foreigners.
→He told me the people taking photos there were foreigners.
5. I bought a novel that was written by the young writer.
→I bought a novel written by the young writer.
6. The dinner which your mother cooked yesterday tasted good.
→The dinner cooked by your mother yesterday tasted good.（先行词dinner是从句谓语动词cooked的承受者，故减缩为cooked）
二、用动词不定式简缩定语从句
定语从句里的谓语动词如果表示一个发生过的一次行为或将要发生的动作，或具有情态意义，则从句往往可简缩为不定式短语。如：
1. He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.
→He is the first man to fly over the Pacific.
2. The next bus which John will take is from Chicago.
→The next bus for john to take is from Chicago.
3. There’s something wrong with the computer by which he wants to type his article.
→There’s something wrong with the computer for him to type his article by.
4. It’s the time that they should plant some trees.
→It’s the time for them to plant some trees.
5. The best dictionary that the students can use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.
→The best dictionary for the students to use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.
三、用形容词短语简缩定语从句
如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构，并且表语是形容词短语，那么，整个定语从句通常可简缩为形容词短语。如：
1. Our headmaster is a person who is always full of cofidence.
→Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.
2. Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.
→Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.
3. He’s not a man who is aware of his shortcomings.
→He’s not a man aware of his shortcomings.
4. We need some people who are skillful enough to do the jobs.
→We need some people skillful enough to do the jobs.
5. The girls，who were afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.
→The girls，afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.
四、用介词短语简缩定语从句
如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构，并且表语是介词短语或近似介词短语，那么定语从句往往可以简缩为介词短语。如：
1. The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.
→The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.
2. The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.
→The building near the hospital used to be a bank.
3. The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.
→The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.
4. The student that held a thick book in his hand was a friend of mine.
→The student with a thick book in his hand ws a friend of mine.
5. In our school，there are many teachers who are from foreign countries.
→In our school，there are many teachers from foreign countries.
6. I haven’t read many novels which were written by Ba Jing.
→I haven’t read many novels（written）by Ba Jing.
〔中图分类号〕 G633.41〔文献标识码〕 Ｃ
〔文章编号〕 1004—0463（2008）04（Ａ）—0056—０1
一、用分词简缩定语从句
从句的谓语动词如果表示“进行、一般或过去”状态，可简缩为现在分词短语。如果从句的谓语动词是被动结构或先行词是从句动作的承受者，则用过去分词短语简缩。如：
1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster？
→Who is that man talking with our headmaster？
2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.
→The woman working in the company is an engineer.
3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.
→A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.
4. He told me the people that were taking photos there were foreigners.
→He told me the people taking photos there were foreigners.
5. I bought a novel that was written by the young writer.
→I bought a novel written by the young writer.
6. The dinner which your mother cooked yesterday tasted good.
→The dinner cooked by your mother yesterday tasted good.（先行词dinner是从句谓语动词cooked的承受者，故减缩为cooked）
二、用动词不定式简缩定语从句
定语从句里的谓语动词如果表示一个发生过的一次行为或将要发生的动作，或具有情态意义，则从句往往可简缩为不定式短语。如：
1. He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.
→He is the first man to fly over the Pacific.
2. The next bus which John will take is from Chicago.
→The next bus for john to take is from Chicago.
3. There’s something wrong with the computer by which he wants to type his article.
→There’s something wrong with the computer for him to type his article by.
4. It’s the time that they should plant some trees.
→It’s the time for them to plant some trees.
5. The best dictionary that the students can use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.
→The best dictionary for the students to use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.
三、用形容词短语简缩定语从句
如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构，并且表语是形容词短语，那么，整个定语从句通常可简缩为形容词短语。如：
1. Our headmaster is a person who is always full of cofidence.
→Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.
2. Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.
→Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.
3. He’s not a man who is aware of his shortcomings.
→He’s not a man aware of his shortcomings.
4. We need some people who are skillful enough to do the jobs.
→We need some people skillful enough to do the jobs.
5. The girls，who were afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.
→The girls，afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.
四、用介词短语简缩定语从句
如果定语从句的谓语为系表结构，并且表语是介词短语或近似介词短语，那么定语从句往往可以简缩为介词短语。如：
1. The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.
→The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.
2. The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.
→The building near the hospital used to be a bank.
3. The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.
→The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.
4. The student that held a thick book in his hand was a friend of mine.
→The student with a thick book in his hand ws a friend of mine.
5. In our school，there are many teachers who are from foreign countries.
→In our school，there are many teachers from foreign countries.
6. I haven’t read many novels which were written by Ba Jing.
→I haven’t read many novels（written）by Ba Jing.