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状语从句在高考单项填空题型中一直是热点和重点。考纲要求考生了解状语从句的分类情况以及经常使用的连词,能够辨别同类状语从句中相似连词的用法差异。笔者根据状语从句的分类,将近年高考热点分类归纳如下。⊙
There is nothing permanent except change. (Heracleitus)
热点一：时间状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年四川卷)As is reported, it is 100 years ________Qinghua University was founded．
A.when
B.before
C.after
D.since
分析 答案D. 本题考查状语从句连词的用法。句型“It is+时间+since…”表示“自从……已经有多长时间了”。
例2 (2011年浙江卷)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away________ my daughter beard cries for help.
A.after
B.while
C.since
D.when
分析 答案D。本题考查状语从句。此处表示“就在这时,突然”。
例3 (2010年福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A.before
B.until
C.as
D.since
分析 答案D。before引导时间状语从句,意思为“在……之前”。此处表示“还未来得及”。
例4 (2010年全国Ⅰ卷)Mary made coffee________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A.so that
B.although
C.while
D.as if
分析 答案C。此处while引导的是时间状语从句。
例5 (2010年全国Ⅱ卷)
Tom was about to close the windows________ his attention was caught by a bird．
A.when
B.if
C.and
D.till
分析 答案A。when常用于was/ were about to do…. when…和 was/were doing…when…的结构中,相当于just at that time。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导时间状语从句的关联词有as, when, whenever, while, before, since, after, till, until, as soon as等。
2.某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, each/every time, next time, the first(second, last)time, by the time等。
3.在复合句中,主句用将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
热点二：条件状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年山东卷) He had his camera ready________ he saw something that would make a good picture．
A.even if
B.if only
C.in case
D.so that
分析 答案C。本题考查in case引导的条件状语从句,意思是“以防,万一”。
例2 (2010年北京卷)________they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A.As
B.While
C.Until
D.Once
分析 答案D。此处once的意思是“一经；一旦”,强调条件。
例3 (2009年全国Ⅱ卷)All the dishes in this menu,________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as
B.if
C.though
D.unless
分析 答案D。根据语境,unless 引导条件状语从句。意思是“除非……”。
例4 (2009年陕西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________ I am happy.
A.even though
B.as soon as
C.as long as
D.as though
分析 答案C. 根据句意分析,此处as long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。
【考点剖析】
常用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless, when(如果),suppose, supposing, given that, in case(that),on condition that, as/so long as等。
热点三：让步状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年北京卷)________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball．
A.Since
B.Once
C.Unless
D.While
分析 答案D。本题考查while引导的让步状语从句,意思是“虽然/尽管”。不要误认为时间状语从句。
例2 (2011年新课标卷)Try________ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A.if
B.when
C.since
D.as
分析 答案D。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句,但从句必须倒装。
例3 (2011年江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or________ it is convenient to you．
A.whenever
B.however
C.whichever
D.wherever
分析 答案A。此处是whenever引导的让步状语从句,相当于no matter when,句子意思是：不管什么你方便的时候。
例4 (2011年四川卷)Frank insisted that he was not asleep________ I had great difficulty in waking him up．
A.whether
B.although
C.for
D.so
分析 答案B。本题是although引导的让步状语从句。句子意思是“虽然我很费劲叫醒他,他坚称没有熟睡。
例5 (2010年安徽卷)The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,________ they have the interest.
A.wherever
B.whenever
C.even if
D.as if
分析 答案C。本题考查even if相当于even though引导的让步状语从句,意思是“即使”。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导让步状语从句的关联词有though, although, while, even if/though, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whether…or…,no matter who等。
2.as引导的让步状语从句须倒装,从句中的表语、状语或动词原形位于句首,如果表语是名词,前置时要省冠词。
惟有变化才是永恒的。（赫拉克利特）
热点四：结果状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2007年上海卷)Pop music is such an important part of society________ it has even influence our language.
A.as
B.that
C.which
D.where
分析 答案B。应选用与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句的that。
例2 (2006年陕西卷)His plan was such a good one________ we all agreed to accept it.
A.so
B.and
C.that
D.as
分析 答案C。本题考查结果状语从句,such常与that搭配。如果把it去掉,则要选as引导的定语从句。
【考点剖析】
常用来引导结果状语从句的关联词有that, so(that),so…that, such…that等。
He had overslept, so that he was late for work. 他睡过了头,结果上班迟到了。
热点五：地点状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2010年重庆卷)Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out．
A.when
B.where
C.how
D.what
分析 答案B。本题考查复合句。Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句。When 表示时间,what 引导名词从句。
例2 (2009年江苏卷)________unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A.Before
B.Where
C.Unless
D.Until
分析 答案D。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。
例3 (2008年山东卷)You’d better not leave the medicine________ kids can get at it．
A.even if
B.which
C.where
D.so that
分析 答案C。本题考查地点状语从句。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导地点状语从句的关联词有where, wherever等。
2.指具体地点时,从句可以位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。
3.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。
热点六：原因状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2008年山东卷) He found it increasingly difficult to read,________ his eyesight was beginning to fail
A.though
B.for
C.but
D.so
分析 答案B。本题考查几个连词的用法。其中只有for可以表示因果关系,达到解释说明的目的。
例2 (2008年北京卷)
—Did you return Fred’s call？
—I didn’t need to________ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A.though
B.unless
C.when
D.because
分析 答案D。此处表示最为直接的原因。
例3 (2006年广东卷)Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,________ this was a memory she especially treasured.
A.as
B.if
C.when
D.where
分析 答案A。本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析。根据语境,此处需要用as引导原因状语从句。
No road of flowers lead to glory. (La Fontaine)
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导原因状语从句的关联词有because, for, as, since, now that等。
2.每个连词的含义不尽相同。英语中,除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,如：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
热点七：状语从句的省略
【高考真题】
例1 (2008年安徽卷)
—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday？
—Yes,________, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A. If ever
B.If busy
C.If anything
D.If possible
分析 答案D。此处是状语从句的省略。相当于if it is possible。
【考点剖析】
1.在时间、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果从句主语是it 或主句主语一致时,则从句中的主语和be动词通常省略。这种情况一般出现在when, while, unless, until, if, though/although 等引导的从句中。
2.在than, as 引导的比较状语从句中,在不影响句子要表达的完整意义的条件下,从句中的成分可省略。
3.如果从句的主语是it,同时谓语系动词为be, 可以省去it 和系动词be。
4.before 和after引导的从句无此用法。它们可以用做介词,后接名词,代词和动名词。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. the weather is warm, you can take the children to play outside．
A.Since
B.Unless
C.In case of
D.Though
2.You shouldn’t enter the office alone. Don’t enter the office________ told to.
A.if you have
B.once you
C.unless
D.until you have
3.He took care of the boy________ he were his own son.
A.because
B.as though
C.for
D.as
4.Doctor Godwin says that________ what forceful arguments against cigarette harm there are, many people insist on smoking.
A.though
B.however
C.no matter
D.even if
5.—Why didn’t you help the little boy？
—Oh, sorry. He had struggled to his feet I ran over.
A.before
B.after
C.until
D.since
6.I was walking along the river________ I heard a cry for help．
A.while
B.since
C.when
D.as
7.We shouldn’t do that dangerous experiment the teacher is with us．
A.if no
B.if
C.unless
D.as long as
8.They said that they would not give up________ they should fail again．
A.as if
B.even if
C.as though
D.so that
9.Only when the war was over in 1905________ to get a collage education．
A.he was able
B.he is able
C.was he able
D.is he able
10.You should made it a rule to leave things________ you can find them again．
A.when
B.where
C.then
D.there
11.The car helps to keep families together________ it is used for picnics, outings and other shared experiences.
A.so that
B.even though
C.unless
D.when
12.Mary is an honest girl; I say it,________ I don’t like her.
A.even though
B.as if
C.as long as
D.as though
13.________the term is finished, I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
A.Now that
B.Even if
C.As if
D.So that
14.When you finish reading the books, please put the books________ they are.
A.when
B.at which
C.where
D.at the place which
15.He didn’t work it out________ I explained how to him．
A.unless
B.until
C.when
D.even
16.Once________ into Chinese, the novel is very popular among the young students．
A.translate
B.translating
C.translated
D.to translate
17.________you do, you must be careful!
A.No matter what
B.Whatever that
C.Whatever
D.No matter that
18.—Did you remember to give Smith the dictionary to him？
—Yes, I gave it to him________ I saw him.
A.while
B.the moment
C.suddenly
D.once
19.You should put the money somewhere safe it gets stolen.
A.as
B.since
C.until
D.before
20.We’ll be able to get there on time________ our car doesn’t break down on the road.
A.as soon as
B.as far as
C.as well as
D.as long as
【答案与分析】
1.A 此句考查状语从句连词的选用,since 在此处表示“既然……”,如果选C,应用 In case。
2.C 连词unless后面是省略(you are)的结构。
3.B as though 意为“好像”, 从句中可用虚拟语气,而其余各项引导的从句不用虚拟语气。
4.C 此处no matter what表示“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
5.A 此处表示“在……之前”用before。
6.C when常用于was/ were about to do…. when…和 was/were doing…when…的结构中,相当于just at that time。
7.C 此处用unless引导状语从句,表示“除非”。
8.B as though, as if 同意,都为似非的意思,so that引导目的状语从句,与句意不合,故选even if 表示即使失败,他们也不会放弃。
9.C 此题考查的是only+状语从句开头的倒装句,且本句的时态为过去时。
10.B 此题目考查从句的连接词。根据题意,本题目应选择一个表示地点的连接词,引导一个地点状语从句,故只有where才对。
11.D 本题考查when引导的时间状语从句。句子意思是：当人们开车……时,……。
12.A 此处even though=even if, 句子意思是“Mary是一个诚实的女孩,即使我不喜欢她,我也这样说”。
13.A 此处now that=since 句子意思是：既然这学期要结束了,我打算休息几日后去旅行。
14.C 此句是一个用where 引导的状语从句,如果用定语从句的话应说at the place where。
15.B 此处用not…until 强调时间。表示“直到……才”。
16.C 此处是一个省略的过去分词做状语的从句。
17.A 此处考查no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
18.B 本题考查时间状语从句。The moment(that)=as soon as I saw her 表示“一……就……”。
19.D 本题考查时间状语从句,此处before 表示“以免(不好的事)发生”。
20.D 本题考查条件状语从句,此处as long as 表示“只要”。
There is nothing permanent except change. (Heracleitus)
热点一：时间状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年四川卷)As is reported, it is 100 years ________Qinghua University was founded．
A.when
B.before
C.after
D.since
分析 答案D. 本题考查状语从句连词的用法。句型“It is+时间+since…”表示“自从……已经有多长时间了”。
例2 (2011年浙江卷)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away________ my daughter beard cries for help.
A.after
B.while
C.since
D.when
分析 答案D。本题考查状语从句。此处表示“就在这时,突然”。
例3 (2010年福建卷)The girl had hardly rung the bell________ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A.before
B.until
C.as
D.since
分析 答案D。before引导时间状语从句,意思为“在……之前”。此处表示“还未来得及”。
例4 (2010年全国Ⅰ卷)Mary made coffee________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A.so that
B.although
C.while
D.as if
分析 答案C。此处while引导的是时间状语从句。
例5 (2010年全国Ⅱ卷)
Tom was about to close the windows________ his attention was caught by a bird．
A.when
B.if
C.and
D.till
分析 答案A。when常用于was/ were about to do…. when…和 was/were doing…when…的结构中,相当于just at that time。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导时间状语从句的关联词有as, when, whenever, while, before, since, after, till, until, as soon as等。
2.某些表示时间的副词、名词短语和介词短语也可引导时间状语从句。如directly, immediately, the instant, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, each/every time, next time, the first(second, last)time, by the time等。
3.在复合句中,主句用将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
热点二：条件状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年山东卷) He had his camera ready________ he saw something that would make a good picture．
A.even if
B.if only
C.in case
D.so that
分析 答案C。本题考查in case引导的条件状语从句,意思是“以防,万一”。
例2 (2010年北京卷)________they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A.As
B.While
C.Until
D.Once
分析 答案D。此处once的意思是“一经；一旦”,强调条件。
例3 (2009年全国Ⅱ卷)All the dishes in this menu,________ otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as
B.if
C.though
D.unless
分析 答案D。根据语境,unless 引导条件状语从句。意思是“除非……”。
例4 (2009年陕西卷)My parents don’t mind what job I do________ I am happy.
A.even though
B.as soon as
C.as long as
D.as though
分析 答案C. 根据句意分析,此处as long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句。
【考点剖析】
常用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if, unless, when(如果),suppose, supposing, given that, in case(that),on condition that, as/so long as等。
热点三：让步状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2011年北京卷)________ volleyball is her main focus, she’s also great at basketball．
A.Since
B.Once
C.Unless
D.While
分析 答案D。本题考查while引导的让步状语从句,意思是“虽然/尽管”。不要误认为时间状语从句。
例2 (2011年新课标卷)Try________ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
A.if
B.when
C.since
D.as
分析 答案D。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句,但从句必须倒装。
例3 (2011年江西卷)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or________ it is convenient to you．
A.whenever
B.however
C.whichever
D.wherever
分析 答案A。此处是whenever引导的让步状语从句,相当于no matter when,句子意思是：不管什么你方便的时候。
例4 (2011年四川卷)Frank insisted that he was not asleep________ I had great difficulty in waking him up．
A.whether
B.although
C.for
D.so
分析 答案B。本题是although引导的让步状语从句。句子意思是“虽然我很费劲叫醒他,他坚称没有熟睡。
例5 (2010年安徽卷)The engineer are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities,________ they have the interest.
A.wherever
B.whenever
C.even if
D.as if
分析 答案C。本题考查even if相当于even though引导的让步状语从句,意思是“即使”。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导让步状语从句的关联词有though, although, while, even if/though, whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whether…or…,no matter who等。
2.as引导的让步状语从句须倒装,从句中的表语、状语或动词原形位于句首,如果表语是名词,前置时要省冠词。
惟有变化才是永恒的。（赫拉克利特）
热点四：结果状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2007年上海卷)Pop music is such an important part of society________ it has even influence our language.
A.as
B.that
C.which
D.where
分析 答案B。应选用与前面的such连用引导结果状语从句的that。
例2 (2006年陕西卷)His plan was such a good one________ we all agreed to accept it.
A.so
B.and
C.that
D.as
分析 答案C。本题考查结果状语从句,such常与that搭配。如果把it去掉,则要选as引导的定语从句。
【考点剖析】
常用来引导结果状语从句的关联词有that, so(that),so…that, such…that等。
He had overslept, so that he was late for work. 他睡过了头,结果上班迟到了。
热点五：地点状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2010年重庆卷)Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out．
A.when
B.where
C.how
D.what
分析 答案B。本题考查复合句。Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句。When 表示时间,what 引导名词从句。
例2 (2009年江苏卷)________unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
A.Before
B.Where
C.Unless
D.Until
分析 答案D。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。
例3 (2008年山东卷)You’d better not leave the medicine________ kids can get at it．
A.even if
B.which
C.where
D.so that
分析 答案C。本题考查地点状语从句。
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导地点状语从句的关联词有where, wherever等。
2.指具体地点时,从句可以位于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时,从句须放在主句之前。
3.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。
热点六：原因状语从句
【高考真题】
例1 (2008年山东卷) He found it increasingly difficult to read,________ his eyesight was beginning to fail
A.though
B.for
C.but
D.so
分析 答案B。本题考查几个连词的用法。其中只有for可以表示因果关系,达到解释说明的目的。
例2 (2008年北京卷)
—Did you return Fred’s call？
—I didn’t need to________ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A.though
B.unless
C.when
D.because
分析 答案D。此处表示最为直接的原因。
例3 (2006年广东卷)Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,________ this was a memory she especially treasured.
A.as
B.if
C.when
D.where
分析 答案A。本题考查状语从句中连词的辨析。根据语境,此处需要用as引导原因状语从句。
No road of flowers lead to glory. (La Fontaine)
【考点剖析】
1.常用来引导原因状语从句的关联词有because, for, as, since, now that等。
2.每个连词的含义不尽相同。英语中,除了状语从句外,一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,如：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。
热点七：状语从句的省略
【高考真题】
例1 (2008年安徽卷)
—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday？
—Yes,________, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A. If ever
B.If busy
C.If anything
D.If possible
分析 答案D。此处是状语从句的省略。相当于if it is possible。
【考点剖析】
1.在时间、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,如果从句主语是it 或主句主语一致时,则从句中的主语和be动词通常省略。这种情况一般出现在when, while, unless, until, if, though/although 等引导的从句中。
2.在than, as 引导的比较状语从句中,在不影响句子要表达的完整意义的条件下,从句中的成分可省略。
3.如果从句的主语是it,同时谓语系动词为be, 可以省去it 和系动词be。
4.before 和after引导的从句无此用法。它们可以用做介词,后接名词,代词和动名词。
●巩
●固
●练
●习
1. the weather is warm, you can take the children to play outside．
A.Since
B.Unless
C.In case of
D.Though
2.You shouldn’t enter the office alone. Don’t enter the office________ told to.
A.if you have
B.once you
C.unless
D.until you have
3.He took care of the boy________ he were his own son.
A.because
B.as though
C.for
D.as
4.Doctor Godwin says that________ what forceful arguments against cigarette harm there are, many people insist on smoking.
A.though
B.however
C.no matter
D.even if
5.—Why didn’t you help the little boy？
—Oh, sorry. He had struggled to his feet I ran over.
A.before
B.after
C.until
D.since
6.I was walking along the river________ I heard a cry for help．
A.while
B.since
C.when
D.as
7.We shouldn’t do that dangerous experiment the teacher is with us．
A.if no
B.if
C.unless
D.as long as
8.They said that they would not give up________ they should fail again．
A.as if
B.even if
C.as though
D.so that
9.Only when the war was over in 1905________ to get a collage education．
A.he was able
B.he is able
C.was he able
D.is he able
10.You should made it a rule to leave things________ you can find them again．
A.when
B.where
C.then
D.there
11.The car helps to keep families together________ it is used for picnics, outings and other shared experiences.
A.so that
B.even though
C.unless
D.when
12.Mary is an honest girl; I say it,________ I don’t like her.
A.even though
B.as if
C.as long as
D.as though
13.________the term is finished, I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
A.Now that
B.Even if
C.As if
D.So that
14.When you finish reading the books, please put the books________ they are.
A.when
B.at which
C.where
D.at the place which
15.He didn’t work it out________ I explained how to him．
A.unless
B.until
C.when
D.even
16.Once________ into Chinese, the novel is very popular among the young students．
A.translate
B.translating
C.translated
D.to translate
17.________you do, you must be careful!
A.No matter what
B.Whatever that
C.Whatever
D.No matter that
18.—Did you remember to give Smith the dictionary to him？
—Yes, I gave it to him________ I saw him.
A.while
B.the moment
C.suddenly
D.once
19.You should put the money somewhere safe it gets stolen.
A.as
B.since
C.until
D.before
20.We’ll be able to get there on time________ our car doesn’t break down on the road.
A.as soon as
B.as far as
C.as well as
D.as long as
【答案与分析】
1.A 此句考查状语从句连词的选用,since 在此处表示“既然……”,如果选C,应用 In case。
2.C 连词unless后面是省略(you are)的结构。
3.B as though 意为“好像”, 从句中可用虚拟语气,而其余各项引导的从句不用虚拟语气。
4.C 此处no matter what表示“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
5.A 此处表示“在……之前”用before。
6.C when常用于was/ were about to do…. when…和 was/were doing…when…的结构中,相当于just at that time。
7.C 此处用unless引导状语从句,表示“除非”。
8.B as though, as if 同意,都为似非的意思,so that引导目的状语从句,与句意不合,故选even if 表示即使失败,他们也不会放弃。
9.C 此题考查的是only+状语从句开头的倒装句,且本句的时态为过去时。
10.B 此题目考查从句的连接词。根据题意,本题目应选择一个表示地点的连接词,引导一个地点状语从句,故只有where才对。
11.D 本题考查when引导的时间状语从句。句子意思是：当人们开车……时,……。
12.A 此处even though=even if, 句子意思是“Mary是一个诚实的女孩,即使我不喜欢她,我也这样说”。
13.A 此处now that=since 句子意思是：既然这学期要结束了,我打算休息几日后去旅行。
14.C 此句是一个用where 引导的状语从句,如果用定语从句的话应说at the place where。
15.B 此处用not…until 强调时间。表示“直到……才”。
16.C 此处是一个省略的过去分词做状语的从句。
17.A 此处考查no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
18.B 本题考查时间状语从句。The moment(that)=as soon as I saw her 表示“一……就……”。
19.D 本题考查时间状语从句,此处before 表示“以免(不好的事)发生”。
20.D 本题考查条件状语从句,此处as long as 表示“只要”。