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在丹江口库区青塘河五龙池小流域,以黄棕壤横垄种植玉米为例,设置覆膜与无覆膜两种处理,采用田间小区实验研究覆膜与降雨类型对0~30 cm土壤水分和NO-3-N淋失的影响.结果表明:两处理土壤含水量均随土层加深而增加,与无覆膜相比覆膜可降低0~10、10~20、20~30cm土层中的含水量.不同降雨类型对覆膜土壤含水量的影响有区别,小雨时3层土壤间差异显著,含水量随土层加深急剧增加;中雨时10~20cm比0~10 cm、20~30 cm比10~20 cm分别高50.80%、6.62%,0~10 cm土壤含水量显著低于10~20 cm和20~30 cm;暴雨时含水量随土层加深增幅变小;覆膜土壤土层越深土壤含水量受降雨的影响越小.覆膜可降低0~10、10~20 cm土层中的NO-3-N淋失量,分别降低40.74%、24.48%,但会增加20~30 cm的淋失;两处理土壤NO-3-N淋失量均随土层加深而增加.不同降雨类型对覆膜土壤NO-3-N淋失的影响也有区别,小雨时随土壤深度的增加淋失量增多;中雨时,0~10、20~30 cm NO-3-N淋失量分别为10~20 cm的1.75、8.41倍;暴雨时,0~10、20~30 cm分别比10~20 cm低18.97%和60.69%.土壤中NO-3-N淋失受土壤含水量的影响,且随土层加深含水量对NO-3-N淋失的影响减弱.
In Wulongchi catchment, Qingtang River, Qingjiang River, Danjiangkou reservoir area, two types of maize were planted with yellow ridge and yellow ridge soil. Two treatments, mulching and uncoated, were applied to study the effects of mulching and rainfall on 0 ~ 30 cm Soil water content and NO-3-N leaching loss.The results showed that the soil moisture content of both treatments increased with the deepening of soil depth, and the content of soil moisture decreased by 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm The soil moisture content in the soil layer is different with different types of rainfall, and the soil moisture content of the three kinds of soil layers is different in light rainfall. , The soil water content at 20-30 cm was 50.80%, 6.62% and 0-10 cm higher than that at 10-20 cm respectively. The soil water content at 0-10 cm was significantly lower than that at 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The deeper the soil layer is, the smaller the soil moisture content is affected by rainfall.The loss of NO-3-N in the soil layers 0 ~ 10 and 10 ~ 20 cm can be decreased by 40.99% and 24.48%, respectively, But increased the leaching loss of 20-30 cm. The leaching amount of NO-3-N in the two treatments increased with the deepening of the soil layer. The effects of different rainfall types on leaching NO-3-N in the soils were also different, When the soil depth increases The leaching amount of NO-3-N at 0-10 and 20-30 cm was 1.75 and 8.41 times of that of 10-20 cm at mid-rain respectively. When rainfall was 0-10 and 20-30 cm 18.97% and 60.69% lower than that of 10-20 cm. The leaching of NO-3-N in soil was affected by soil water content, and the effect of soil water content on the leaching of NO-3-N was weakened.