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在康德看来,本体与自由存在某种程度的一致,康德有时候用本体替代自由,有时候又将自由代替本体。本体与自由在康德那里都是超验的存在物,即本体和自由作为现象界的根基是不可知的。现象界遵从的是必然之法则,而超验界遵从的则是自由的法则。自康德开始,理性从神学的枷锁下得到了解放,但人仍然不是自由的,这是因为理性作为万物的尺度,他无所不包,理性取代了神而又变成了神即理性神学。康德的任务就是要清理理性的根基,把理性送到法庭进行批判。正因为理性是有限的,不能达到任何一个领域,所以才使人的自由有了可能。
In Kant’s opinion, ontology and freedom exist to some extent, and Kant sometimes replaces freedom with ontology and sometimes frees itself. Noumenon and liberty are all transcendental beings in Kant, namely, the foundation of noumenon and freedom as the phenomenal world is unknown. The phenomenal world obeys the law of necessity, whereas the transcendental circle complies with the law of freedom. Since the Kant, reason has been liberated under the yoke of theology, but man is still not free, because rationality is the measure of all things, and his all-encompassing rationality has replaced God and he has become God’s rational theology. Kant’s task is to clear the rationale for reason and to send reason to court for criticism. Just because rationality is limited and can not reach any one area, it makes it possible for human freedom.