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目的分析广州市一起季节性流感暴发疫情的流行病学特征和采取防控措施的效果,为控制暴发提供科学依据。方法采用现况流行病学调查方法分析季节性流感暴发的流行特征;运用RT-PCR方法检测采集咽拭子的流感病毒核酸。结果发病呈现2个高峰,发病时间(29 d)超过一个潜伏期全距(7 d);男生罹患率高于女生,中学部学生罹患率高于小学部,中学部出现聚集性病例班级比例高于小学部,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);采集16份现症学生咽拭子标本,4份呈流感病毒核酸阳性(阳性率为25.0%),其中B型流感病毒3份,A(H3)型流感病毒1份。结论本事件为由B型和A(H3)型流感病毒混合感染引起的暴发疫情;疫情未被及时发现,病例隔离等防控措施落实不及时、不彻底为主要原因;严格落实晨检、隔离等措施是控制疫情的关键;接种疫苗是日常防控重点。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of seasonal influenza in Guangzhou and the effect of taking preventive and control measures to provide a scientific basis for the control of the outbreak. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza outbreaks were analyzed by epidemiological investigation. The influenza virus nucleic acids were collected from the throat swabs by RT-PCR. Results The incidence peaked at 2 days, and the onset time (29 d) exceeded one full-length incubation period (7 days). The prevalence of boys was higher than that of girls. The prevalence rate of students in middle school was higher than that of primary school. (P <0.01). 16 throat swab samples were collected from the current students, 4 were positive for influenza virus (positive rate was 25.0%), of which 3 were influenza B , A (H3) type influenza virus 1 copies. Conclusions This incident is an outbreak caused by a mixed infection of type B and type A (H3) influenza viruses. Outbreaks have not been detected in time and the prevention and control measures such as case isolation are not implemented in a timely manner or thoroughly. The strict implementation of morning inspection and isolation And other measures are the key to control the epidemic; Vaccination is the focus of routine prevention and control.