目的分析狂犬病暴露后影响因素,探索病例暴露后生存与风险随时间变化的规律。方法收集安徽省2005~2013年483例狂犬病个案资料,采用Epi Data3.1软件录入数据库,用SPSS对数据进行Cox回归分析。结果狂犬病潜伏期为正偏态分布,中位数潜伏期为70d,Cox比例风险模型分析发现,暴露部位的风险强度:头颈部风险最高,RR=1.73。暴露后接种人用狂犬病疫苗,则生存情况越好,RR=0.65。结论狂犬病暴露后,应及时规范处置暴露者的咬伤部位,特别是暴露于头颈部的患者,并及时免疫接种。 Objective To analyze the influencing factors after rabies exposure and explore the law of survival and risk with time after exposure. Methods A total of 483 cases of rabies in Anhui Province from 2005 to 2013 were collected. Data were imported into Epi Data 3.1 database and Cox regression was analyzed with SPSS. Results The latent period of rabies was positive skewed, and the median latency was 70 days. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the risk of exposure was highest in head and neck, RR = 1.73. Exposure to rabies vaccination of humans, the better the survival, RR = 0.65. Conclusion Rabies exposure should promptly regulate the site of exposure to the bites, especially those exposed to the head and neck, and timely immunization.