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Objective:To review the prevalence and prognostic significance of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification and to establish an association between FGFR1 amplification and the clinical characteristics of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Data Sources:We searched PubMed for English-language studies published between January 2010 and May 2016.Study Selection:We included all relevant articles,with no limitation of study design.Results:FGFR1 amplification was reported in 8.7-20.0％ of NSCLC cases and was significantly more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) (9.7-28.3％) than in adenocarcinomas (ADCs) (0-15.0％).The rates of FGFR1 amplification were as follows:males,13.9-22.1％;females,0-20.1％;Stage Ⅰ NSCLC,9.3-24.1％;Stage Ⅱ NSCLC,12.9-25.0％;Stage Ⅲ NSCLC,8.2-19.5％;Stage Ⅳ NSCLC,0-12.5％;current smokers,13.3-29.0％;former smokers,2.5-23.0％;and nonsmokers,0-22.2％.Overall survival was 43.9-70.8 months in patients with FGFR1 amplification and 42.4-115.0 months in patients with no FGFR1 amplification;disease-free survival was 22.5-58.5 months and 52.4-94.6 months,respectively.Conclusions:FGFR1 amplification is more frequent in SCCs than in ADCs.The association between FGFR1 amplification and clinical characteristics (gender,smoking status,and disease stage) and the prognostic significance of FGFR1 amplification in NSCLC remain controversial.