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神经节苷脂（Ganglisides,GAs）是细胞膜中的一类鞘糖脂,广泛存在于哺乳动物的细胞膜,在中枢神经系统中的含量特别高,具有重要的生理功能。在缺氧缺血性脑损伤中具有保护细胞膜功能,拮抗兴奋性氨基酸的神经毒性,对脑组织具有神经保护作用;同时,神经节苷脂可作为神经营养因子的增强剂,可促进神经功能的恢复。 神经节苷脂的生物化学 神经节苷脂是指糖链中含有一个或一个以上唾液酸的鞘糖脂,1942年Klenk首次在神经节细胞中找到这类化合物,故名神经节苷脂。其分子中含有糖基和唾液酸,呈水溶性,同时又因其含有鞘氨醇和脂肪酸,故又呈脂溶性,即为两亲化合物。分子量在1000～3000以上。目前从哺乳动物的细胞膜上提取的GAs已达90余种。
Ganglisides (GAs), a class of glycosphingolipids in cell membranes, are widespread in mammalian cell membranes and are particularly high in the central nervous system and have important physiological functions. In hypoxic-ischemic brain injury with the protection of cell membrane function, antagonistic excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity, has a neuroprotective effect on brain tissue; the same time, ganglioside can be used as a neurotrophic factor enhancer, can promote neurological function restore. The biochemical gangliosides of gangliosides refer to glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acids in the sugar chain. For the first time, Klenk found such compounds in ganglion cells in 1942 and named gangliosides. Its molecules contain glycosyl and sialic acid, was water-soluble, but also because of its sphingosine and fatty acids, it is also fat-soluble, which is amphipathic compounds. Molecular weight of 1000 ~ 3000 above. More than 90 GAs have been extracted from mammalian cell membranes.