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通过田间试验,研究了不同控制灌溉模式下不同氮素用量稻田田面水铵态氮、硝态氮的变化特征,综合评价了试验区稻田土壤肥力等级,并分析了水分与氮素用量对水稻产量和产量构成因素的互作效应。结果表明:在水稻整个生长过程中,过量施肥对土壤最后残留的氮含量影响较大;土壤肥力等级的高低、每次施氮后所取水样铵态氮与硝态氮浓度的均值同相应的施氮水平有较高的因果效应。施返青肥后田面水铵态氮浓度最高值在施氮后第3天出现,施穗肥后田面水铵态氮浓度最高值在施氮后第2天出现,田面水硝态氮浓度出现最高值的时间要滞后于铵态氮1天。氮肥对水稻产量及其构成因子均表现为正效应,且高施氮量的正效应大于中施氮量的。控水效应和土壤水分胁迫与氮素互作效应对产量及其构成因素的影响多数为负效应,表明进行水分胁迫会影响产量构成因素进而降低水稻的产量。
The field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in paddy field with different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer under different control irrigation patterns. The soil fertility level of paddy field in the experimental area was evaluated comprehensively. The effects of water and nitrogen application rates on rice yield And yield components of the interaction effect. The results showed that during the whole growth process of rice, excessive application of fertilizers had a great effect on the residual nitrogen content in the soil. The soil fertility level was high, and the mean of the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen The nitrogen level has a higher causal effect. The maximum value of NH4 + -N concentration in surface water after application of green manure appeared on the 3rd day after application of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest NH4 + -N concentration in field water after application of HS was found on the 2nd day after application of nitrogen, The value of time to lag ammonium nitrogen 1 day. Nitrogen fertilizer has a positive effect on the yield and its components of rice, and the positive effect of high nitrogen application rate is greater than that of medium nitrogen application. The effects of water-control effects and soil water stress and nitrogen interaction on yield and its components are mostly negative effects, indicating that water stress will affect the yield components and thus reduce the yield of rice.