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【目的】以杂交棉高产高效生产为目标,通过降低杂交棉用种量,探讨杂交棉冠层及产量的形成规律。【方法】以新陆早43号和鲁棉研24号为材料,研究不同稀播密度对杂交棉冠层结构、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】杂交棉密度降至10.5×104株/hm2时,通过发挥个体与群体协调增产优势,总铃数在150×104个/hm2左右,达到3 300 kg/hm2超高产水平;生育前期叶面积指数(LAI)、群体光合速率(CAP)上升快,冠层光吸收率高,光合产物积累多,提高了干物质生产能力和转化率,达到了增产增效的目的;在稀播密度下降到4.5×104株/hm2时,产量在2 700 kg/hm2以下,下降幅度达18.1%~21.7%。【结论】适当降低杂交棉的密度,发挥个体增产潜力,能够达到节本、高产、高效的目的。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of hybrid canopies and yield by reducing the yield of hybrid cotton with the goal of high yield and high yield of hybrid cotton. 【Method】 The effects of different thinning densities on the canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of hybrid cotton were studied using Xinluzao 43 and Lumianyan 24 as materials. 【Result】 When the density of hybrid cotton was reduced to 10.5 × 104 plants / hm2, the total number of bolls was about 150 × 104 / hm2, reaching the level of super high-yield of 3 300 kg / hm2. LAI, fast increase of CAP, high light absorption of canopy and accumulation of photosynthetic products, increased dry matter production capacity and conversion rate, and reached the goal of increasing production and increasing efficiency. To 4.5 × 104 plants / hm2, the yield below 2 700 kg / hm2, a decrease of 18.1% to 21.7%. 【Conclusion】 Properly reducing the density of cotton hybrids and exerting the potential of individual yield increase can achieve the goal of high yield and high yield.