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目的分析某小学水痘疫情的流行特征,探讨引起暴发的原因,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法研究该起水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征。结果本次水痘疫情总罹患率为1.53%,男女罹患率分别为1.50%和1.76%,不同性别间的罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.298,P=0.585)。疫情波及5个年级12个班级,三年级学生罹患率最高为3.80%,不同年级学生间的罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.532,P=0.001)。该起疫情持续54 d,出现2个发病高峰,直至学校进入暑期才得以有效控制。该起疫情突破性水痘病例占所有病例的68.89%,均曾接种过水痘减毒活疫苗(VarV),接种年限为1~10年。结论本次水痘暴发疫情为年级间和班级内人际接触传播,应构建学校、社区中心、疾控中心等相关人员间的联动机制,有效控制学校水痘疫情的发生和蔓延。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of chickenpox in a primary school, discuss the causes of the outbreak and provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to study the epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak of varicella. Results The total incidence of chickenpox outbreak was 1.53%. The prevalence rates of both genders were 1.50% and 1.76%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the attack rates between different sexes (χ ~ 2 = 0.298, P = 0.585). The epidemic affected 12 classes in 5 grades. The highest attack rate was 3.80% in the third grade. There was significant difference in the attack rate among the students in different grades (χ ~ 2 = 18.532, P = 0.001). The onset of the epidemic continued for 54 days, with two peak incidences, which were not effectively controlled until the school entered the summer. The outbreak of breakthrough chickenpox cases accounted for 68.89% of all cases, have been vaccinated varicella vaccine (VarV), vaccination for a period of 1 to 10 years. Conclusion The outbreak of chickenpox is inter-class and interpersonal contact among classes. A linkage mechanism should be established between schools, community centers, CDCs and other related personnel to effectively control the occurrence and spread of the chickenpox epidemic in schools.