论文部分内容阅读
目的:分析青年缺血性脑卒中患者的临床特点和危险因素。方法:选择2019年3-10月北京天坛医院收治的年龄≤45岁80例卒中患者作为青年卒中组，采用回顾性病例对照研究，选取同期住院的年龄>45岁117例卒中患者作为中老年卒中组，对比两组患者间血液检测指标水平，并且纳入卒中相关危险因素，包括吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压、高血脂及糖尿病病史等进行比较分析。采用两组独立样本n t检验、Mann-Whitney n U检验或χ2检验比较两组患者的上述指标。n 结果:中老年卒中组活化部分凝血活酶时间、蛋白S、尿酸、同型半胱氨酸及D二聚体分别为（29.73±3.40）s、（105.58±27.23）%、（297.29±85.99）μmol/L、（17.58±14.45）μmol/L及（2.75±3.08）mg/L，青年卒中组活化部分凝血活酶时间（31.51±6.75）s、蛋白S（115.20±26.97）%、尿酸（326.82±93.51）μmol/L、同型半胱氨酸（22.63±16.98）μmol/L、D二聚体（1.19±2.88）μg/mL，两组比较差异均有统计学意义（n t值分别为2.17、2.01、2.20、2.14、2.13，n P值分别为0.032、0.046、0.029、0.039、0.034）。青年卒中组狼疮抗凝物阳性率为12.5％（4/32），高于中老年卒中组的1.8％（1/57），两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.46，n P=0.035）。青年卒中组吸烟、饮酒比例分别为63.8％（51/80）、62.5％（50/80），均高于中老年卒中组的49.6%（58/117）、47.9%（56/117），两组比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为3.86、4.09，n P值分别为0.04、0.04）；青年卒中组高血压、糖尿病比例分别为48.8%（39/80）、17.5%（14/80），均低于中老年卒中组的63.2%（74/117）、30.8%（36/117），两组比较差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为4.08、4.56，n P值分别为0.043、0.033）。根据尿酸及同型半胱氨酸水平将青年卒中划分为不同亚组并进行比较，高尿酸水平组（≥416 μmol/L）患者肌酐水平高于正常尿酸水平组（<416 μmol/L），分别为（90.08±28.46）mmol/L与（63.37±22.2）mmol/L，两组比较差异有统计学意义（n t值为2.23，n P值为0.046）。高同型半胱氨酸组（≥15 μmol/L）患者的纤维蛋白原、肌酐水平分别为（3.27±1.09）g/L、（72.13±28.69）mmol/L，高于正常同型半胱氨酸组（45 years) hospitalized during the same period as the middle-aged and elderly stroke group. The blood test indexes of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors related to stroke, including smoking history, drinking history, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes history, were compared and analyzed. Two sets of independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney n U-test or χ2 test were used to compare the above indicators of patients in the two groups.n Results:The activated partial prothrombin time, protein S, uric acid, homocysteine and D-dimer levels in middle-aged and elderly stroke group were (29.73±3.40) s, (105.58±27.23) %, (297.29±85.99) μmol/L, (17.58±14.45) μmol/L and (2.75±3.08) mg/L, respectively. Compared with the middle-aged and elderly stroke group, the young stroke group had higher activated partial thrombin time (31.51±6.75) s, protein S (115.20±26.97) %, uric acid (326.82±93.51) μmol/L, homocysteine (22.63±16.98) μmol/L and lower D dimer level of (1.19±2.88) mg/L compared with the elder group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (n t values were 2.17, 2.01, 2.20, 2.14 and 2.13, respectively, P values were 0.032, 0.046, 0.029, 0.039 and 0.034, respectively). The positive rate of lupus anticoagulant in young stroke group was 12.5% (4/32), which was higher than 1.8% (1/57) in middle-aged and elderly stroke group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χn 2=4.46,n P=0.035). The proportions of smoking and drinking in young stroke group were 63.8% (51/80) and 62.5% (50/80), respectively, which were higher than 49.6% (58/117) and 47.9% (56/117) in middle-aged and elderly stroke group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χn 2 values were 3.86 and 4.09; n P values were 0.04 and 0.04). The proportion of hypertension and diabetes in young stroke group was 48.8% (39/80) and 17.5%(14/80), respectively, which were lower than 63.2%(74/117) and 30.8%(36/117) in middle-aged and elderly stroke group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (χn 2 values were 4.08 and 4.56; n P values were 0.043 and 0.033). According to the levels of uric acid and homocysteine, young stroke was divided into different subgroups and compared.The creatinine level of high uric acid group (≥416 μmol/L) was (90.08±28.46) mmol/L, which was higher than that of normal uric acid group (<416 μmol/L) of (63.37±22.2) mmol/L. There was significant difference between the two groups (n t value was 2.23, n P value was 0.046). The levels of fibrinogen and creatinine in high homocysteine group (≥15 μmol/L) were (3.27±1.09) g/L and (72.13±28.69) mmol/L, respectively which were significantly higher than those in normal homocysteine group (<15 μmol/L) of (2.78±0.67) g/L and (58.92±12.08) mmol/L, There was significant difference between the two groups (then t values were 2.32 and 2.51; n P values were 0.023 and 0.014).n Conclusions:Compared with middle-aged and elderly stroke, young ischemic stroke has higher levels of prothrombin time, protein S, uric acid and homocysteine, lower levels of D dimer and higher positive rate of lupus anticoagulant. At the same time, the proportion of smoking and drinking was higher in young stroke group, but the proportion of hypertension and diabetes was relatively lower.