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目的了解北京市公共交通工具微环境空气质量。方法于2004年7月—2006年8月选取北京市城铁(15个车次)、地铁(8个车次)、出租车(36个车次)、公共汽车(46个车次)中具有代表性的车辆进行了车厢空气中一氧化碳、二氧化碳、颗粒物、苯系物浓度的监测并采用空气质量指数法对交通工具微环境内的空气质量进行评价。结果公共交通工具车厢内二氧化碳的污染较为严重,超标率达到37%以上,其中在出租车中的污染最为严重,超标率达到92%。除城铁外,其他交通内PM10污染也相当严重,超标率达到30%以上。其中在公共汽车中污染异常严重,超标率达到84%。一氧化碳在道路交通系统(公共汽车和出租车)中污染较严重,超标率在10%以上。城铁内空气质量最好,评为Ⅱ级,CO2是其首要污染物;非空调公共汽车在开窗情况下的车内空气质量最差,评为Ⅴ级,PM10为其首要污染物。结论在北京市公共交通系统中,城铁的车内空气质量最好,其次为地铁、出租车,公共汽车内的空气质量最差。
Objective To understand the micro-ambient air quality of public transport in Beijing. Methods From July 2004 to August 2006, the representative vehicles from Beijing City Rail (15 train trips), subway (8 trips), taxi (36 trips) and buses (46 trips) The concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, particulate matter and benzene compounds in the cabin air was monitored and the air quality in the vehicle microenvironment was evaluated using the Air Quality Index. As a result, the pollution of carbon dioxide in the carriage of public transport vehicles was more serious, exceeding the rate of over 37%. Among them, the pollution in taxis was the most serious, exceeding the rate of 92%. In addition to the subway, PM10 pollution in other traffic is also quite serious, exceeding the rate of 30% or more. One of the most serious pollution in the bus, exceeding the standard rate of 84%. Carbon monoxide in the road transport system (bus and taxi) more serious pollution, exceeding the rate of 10% or more. City air quality best, rated as Ⅱ, CO2 is the primary pollutant; non-air-conditioned bus in the case of the window of the worst air quality inside the car, as V level, PM10 is the primary pollutant. Conclusion In the Beijing public transport system, the air quality of the interior of the city’s railways is the best, followed by the air quality of the suburbs, taxis and buses.