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虽然王室和神庙控制着古代美索不达米亚的土地,但私人经济始终发挥着重要作用。在古巴比伦私人农业经济领域,商品经济得到了长足发展。纳第图女祭司、商人塔木卡乃至政府官员均投入土地买卖活动中,他们并不直接参与土地耕种,其目的是通过土地买卖赚取商业利润。土地的开发利用实行各种形式的租赁制和合伙制,甚至出现了专门负责管理土地的职业管理人。而土地的耕种则采用雇佣劳动,雇主与雇工之间签订具有明确责权利条款的雇佣合同,工资的支付既可采用货币支付也可采用实物支付,但需征得雇工的同意。从土地的买卖、经营、耕种、农业资本的形成等方面看,古巴比伦私人农业经济具有超乎想象的商业化特征。
Although the royal family and the temple control the land of ancient Mesopotamia, the private economy has always played an important role. In the field of private agricultural economy in ancient Babylon, the commodity economy has made great strides. The Natutu priestess, merchant Takumu, and even government officials are involved in the sale of land. They are not directly involved in the cultivation of land and are intended to earn commercial profits through land sales. Land development and utilization of various forms of implementation of the rental system and partnership, and even appeared specifically for the management of land occupation managers. Land cultivation is based on wage labor. Employer and employee employ a contract of employment with a clear liability and liability clause. Payments can be made in monetary or physical form only with the consent of the employee. From the perspective of the sale and purchase of land, management, cultivation and the formation of agricultural capital, the private agricultural economy in Cuba Babylon has unimaginable commercial characteristics.