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关于义务教育的产品属性问题,学术界还存在一定的争议,有的学者认为义务教育由于其巨大的外部性,因此是公共物品;有的学者认为义务教育由于是国家提供,因而是公共物品;有的学者认为义务教育是公共提供的私人物品。不管是哪种观点,都一致认为义务教育的提供是政府的责任。那么,义务教育公共提供是否就可以排除私人提供呢?市场在提供义务教育方面是不是完全失灵呢?本文从公共物品和私人物品的划分标准出发,进行分析,认为义务教育具有竞争性和排他性,但是由于义务教育具有巨大的外部性和国家赋予的强制性,义务教育是一种准公共物品。义务教育准公共物品的产品属性为义务教育的私人提供了理论依据。
Some scholars argue that compulsory education is a public good because of its huge externalities. Some scholars think that compulsory education is a public good because it is provided by the state. Some scholars think compulsory education is a public provision of personal belongings. In either case, it is agreed that the provision of compulsory education is the responsibility of the government. Then, whether public provision of compulsory education can exclude private provision? Does the market completely fail to provide compulsory education? This article analyzes the standard of division of public goods and personal belongings, finds that compulsory education is competitive and exclusive, However, compulsory education is a kind of quasi-public goods due to the huge externalities of compulsory education and the state-imposed compulsion. The product attributes of quasi-public goods provide the theoretical basis for the private education of compulsory education.