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近代以来的科学、哲学日渐关注于外部现象,人的心灵不再为超自然想象所束缚。按尼采的意思,基督教哲学把人拉向了黑暗的内在世界。这样,人越是陷入内在的自我意识中,就越是被自己的观念所束缚,不断地自责,这就为上帝的存在提供了条件。十七世纪的帕斯卡尔发现科学关注于外部世界时忽略了人自身,并不能安慰人的可悲;因此,既然帕在人中找不到安慰,就只能转向他的超自然世界中去了。而尼采则要求摒弃一切超自然幻想对人的奴役和压抑,回到现实的世界中来。他教人们以超人,成为一个能够掌控自己生命并总是肯定命运的人。在捍卫生命价值的思想家中,此二人走向了相反的方向,一个要求消极地服从想象的上帝,一个要求积极肯定自然赋予的必然性。
Since modern times, science and philosophy are increasingly concerned with external phenomena, and human minds are no longer bound by supernatural imagination. According to Nietzsche, Christian philosophy led people to the dark inner world. In this way, the more people fall into the inner self-consciousness, the more they are bound by their own ideas and constantly blame themselves. This provides the conditions for the existence of God. In the seventeenth century, Pascal found that ignoring mankind in science’s attention to the outside world can not comfort people; therefore, since Pah found no comfort in man, he can only turn to his supernatural world. Nietzsche, on the other hand, demanded that all slavery and repression of supernatural illusions on man be returned to reality. He taught people to superhuman, to become a person who can control their own lives and always affirmed their destiny. Among the thinkers who defended the value of life, the two went in the opposite direction, a God who demanded passive obedience to the imagination and one that called for a positive affirmation of the inevitability of natural conferment.