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一、国际核电技术发展趋势根据国际核电发展趋势,第一代核电站建设于上世纪50—60年代,采用原堆型;第二代核电站从70年代至今,有多种堆型而且运行业绩良好,还在增效延寿并批量建设,目前仍有23台机组在建;第三代核电站研发始于90年代,安全和经济性能提高,市场前景乐观,2005年首堆工程开始建设,但尚未形成批量;第四代核电站兴起于90年代后期,尚在研究开发阶段。主要特点是更加安全、经济,资源利用率提高,废弃物量减少,具有防止核扩散等性能,特别是核燃料利用率大大提高,预计2035年将出现商用堆。
I. Trend of International Nuclear Power Technology According to the development trend of international nuclear power generation, the first generation of nuclear power plants was built in the 1950s-1960s with the original reactor type. Since the 1970s, the second generation of nuclear power plants has a variety of reactor types and good operating performance, There are still 23 units under construction; the research and development of the third generation nuclear power station started in the 90s, the safety and economic performance were enhanced, the market prospect was optimistic. In 2005, the first pile construction started to be constructed, but the bulk The fourth generation nuclear power station rose in the late 1990s and is still under research and development. The main features are safer, more economical, more efficient use of resources, less waste, and nuclear non-proliferation. In particular, the utilization rate of nuclear fuel is greatly increased. Commercial reactors are expected to be available by 2035.