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目的分析黄山市2010~2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价预防接种的安全性。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2010~2013年黄山市AEFI监测资料进行分析。结果 2010~2013年全市共报告AEFI 116例,其中一般反应99例(85.34%),异常反应11例(9.48%),偶合症5例(4.31%),接种事故1例(0.86%)。各区县均有AEFI报告,48 h内报告率为93.10%,48 h内调查率为97.14%;男女性别比为1.27∶1,年龄≤1岁占43.10%,报告疫苗以国家免疫规划(National Immunization Programme,NIP)疫苗为主;报告的AEFI病例主要集中在5~9月份,68.97%发生在接种后1 d内;AEFI报告发生率为7.39/10万,其中一般反应为6.30/10万,异常反应为0.70/10万,一般反应以发热、红肿、硬结为主,异常反应以过敏性皮疹、卡介苗淋巴结炎为主。结论全市AEFI监测质量有待继续提高,各区县报告数据差异较大。AEFI常发生于低年龄组儿童和NIP疫苗,为监测重点;各疫苗不良反应报告发生率均在预期发生范围内,安全性良好。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of suspected AEFI in Huangshan from 2010 to 2013 and evaluate the safety of vaccination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the AEFI surveillance data from 2010 to 2013 in Huangshan City. Results A total of 116 AEFI cases were reported in the city from 2010 to 2013, of which 99 were general reactions (85.34%), 11 (9.48%) were abnormal reactions, 5 (4.31%) were incurable cases and 1 (0.86%) were accidental incidents. All districts and counties have AEFI report, report rate is 93.10% within 48 h, within 48 h, the investigation rate is 97.14%; sex ratio of men and women is 1.27:1, and age ≤1 years, accounting for 43.10%. The report vaccine is based on National Immunization Program, NIP). The reported cases of AEFI were mainly from May to September, with 68.97% occurring within 1 d after inoculation. The incidence of AEFI was 7.39 / 100 000, of which the general response was 6.30 per 100,000 The reaction was 0.70 / 100000, the general reaction to fever, redness, induration mainly abnormal reaction to an allergic rash, BCG-based lymphadenitis. Conclusion The quality of AEFI monitoring in the city needs to be further improved, and the reported data of different districts and counties differ greatly. AEFI often occurs in children and the NIP vaccine in the lower age group, which is the key point for monitoring. The incidence of adverse reactions of each vaccine is expected to occur within a safe range.