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当前,围产医学中最重要的问题莫过于早产、低体重儿的脑损伤。约7%的早产儿发生脑室内出血(IVH)或脑室周围白质软化(PVL),而出生孕龄小于35周或体重小于1500g的新生儿发病率可高达50%。现代技术,例如经前囟的脑超声检查或CT扫描,已证明大多数IVH病例,于出生后最初几天内已开始发病。出血常起始于室管膜下组织的胚芽基质,此血管丰富的组织覆盖于尾状核,在胎儿6～8个月时,已获高度发育。它是由成神经细胞所组成,并由此迁移至脑的表面,构成了大脑
At present, the most important issue in perinatal medicine is the brain injury in preterm and low birth weight infants. About 7% of preterm infants develop intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), up to 50% in newborns with gestational age less than 35 weeks or body weight <1500g. Modern techniques, such as transthoracic echocardiography or CT scans, have demonstrated that most IVH cases have begun to develop in the first few days after birth. Bleeding often begins in the germ matrix of the subependymal tissue, which is rich in tissue that covers the caudate nucleus and has been highly developed at 6-8 months of age. It consists of neurons and migrates to the surface of the brain, forming the brain